限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.ppt

定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句①① 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑这种定语从句和主句明确或不合逻辑这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开之间不能用逗号隔开 The man who came here yesterday has come again. 关系副词关系副词when和和why用于引导限制性用于引导限制性定语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以定语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以省去，但是省去，但是where通常不可以省去如：通常不可以省去如：a. Be sure to call on us next time (when) you come to town.b. This is one of the reasons (why) you may like to eat it.②② 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。

这种定语从句句的意思仍然完整或清楚这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开如：和主句之间须用逗号隔开如： a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. b. He sent a special governor, a man named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand._____________________________ c. He lives in another town, which is only about an hour’s ride from here. d. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. e. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.注意注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用可用that，指人时用，指人时用who(主语主语),whom(宾语宾语)，指物时须用，指物时须用which.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

用逗号“，”与主句隔开 意义上意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思 译法上译法上 译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 通常译成主句的并列句 关系词关系词的使用的使用上上 A．作宾语时可省略B．可用thatC．可用who 代替whom A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who 代替whom Practice A请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句句，那些是非限制性定语从句：1.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 2.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 3.China is a country which has a long history. 4.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Practice B区分下列几组句子的不同含义：区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。

她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学意含：（意含： 她还有其他哥哥她还有其他哥哥她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学意含：（意含： 她只有一个哥哥她只有一个哥哥 •. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.•All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written. 所有里面带插图的书都写得很好所有里面带插图的书都写得很好意含：（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好不带插图的书则不一定写得好 所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好意含：（意含： 没有不带插图的书没有不带插图的书 Exercises A 1、、All______ is useful to us is good.A、、whichB、、whatC、、thatD、、whetherC解析：解析： 定语从句中的先定语从句中的先行词为行词为all, none等词时，等词时，关系代词必须用关系代词必须用that,而而不是不是which. 故选故选C。

2、、Is this factory ____ we visited last week.A、、whereB、、thatC、、whichD、、the oneD解析：解析：解析：解析： this factory this factory容易被学生错容易被学生错容易被学生错容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是This This factoryfactory是句子的主语而不是先行是句子的主语而不是先行是句子的主语而不是先行是句子的主语而不是先行词所以选择词所以选择词所以选择词所以选择D.The one D.The one 中的中的中的中的oneone 指代的是指代的是指代的是指代的是factory,factory,作定语从句的作定语从句的作定语从句的作定语从句的先行词4、、This is the school _______ my father worked 20 years ago.A、、thatB、、whenC、、whichD、、whereD解析：题中的解析：题中的解析：题中的解析：题中的the schoolthe school是定语从是定语从是定语从是定语从句的先行词。

句的先行词句的先行词句的先行词in +which= in +which= where , where , 因此选因此选因此选因此选D. D. 试比较：试比较：试比较：试比较： This school is ____ my This school is ____ my father worked 20 years ago.father worked 20 years ago.A.where B. the one wherewhere B. the one whereB.C. that D. the one whichC. that D. the one whichB3、、She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.A、、whenB、、whatC、、whichD、、whyC解析：解析：解析：解析：the daythe day是定语从句的先行是定语从句的先行是定语从句的先行是定语从句的先行词，词，词，词，she spent in Beijingshe spent in Beijing中的动词中的动词中的动词中的动词spentspent是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，the day the day 作动词作动词作动词作动词spentspent的宾语。

因的宾语因的宾语因的宾语因此选此选此选此选C.C.5、、This is the factory_______we visited last year.A、、thatB、、 in whichC、、whatD、、the oneA解析：解析：解析：解析：the factorythe factory是定语从是定语从是定语从是定语从句的先行词句的先行词句的先行词句的先行词, , 用作宾语；用作宾语；用作宾语；用作宾语；从句从句从句从句we visited last yearwe visited last year中中中中visitvisit是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选宾语，因此选宾语，因此选宾语，因此选A.A.6、、The text is one of the most interesting stories_______learnt in the past three days.A、、that haveB、、that have beenC、、which hasD、、which has beenB解析：解析：解析：解析：storiesstories是定语是定语是定语是定语从句的先行词从句的先行词从句的先行词从句的先行词, , 同同同同时时时时storiesstories被最高级被最高级被最高级被最高级所修饰，因此选所修饰，因此选所修饰，因此选所修饰，因此选B.B.1、、The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak.A、、whoB、、whoseC、、of whomD、、whichBExercises B1、、Let me think of a proper situation _______ this sentence can be used.A、、whereB、、thatC、、of whomD、、whichA2、、The man _______ you are talking is in the next room.A、、to whomB、、about whomC、、about whoD、、whomB3、、I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to me.A、、by thatB、、whatC、、by whichD、、/D4、、I，，______ you good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、、who is B、、what is C、、what am D、、who am D5、、This is the only thing _____ I can do now.A、、whatB、、whichC、、thatD、、allC6、、Those _____ to take part in the game write down your names.A、、whoB、、who wantC、、what wantsD、、wantB7、、His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.A、、thatB、、with whichC、、whichD、、without whichD8、、They have decided to finish their work, ______, I think is a wise choice.A、、thatB、、whatC、、whichD、、whetherC9、、This is the reason ______ he told me.A、、thatB、、whyC、、on whichD、、for thatA10、、This is the last factory ___ he used to work at, many workers of _____ still have a good relationship with him.A、、that; itB、、which; whomC、、that; whichD、、which; thatC11、、There are three libraries in our school, _______ were built five years ago.A、、all of themB、、either of themC、、all of whichD、、both of thatC12、、He told me the reason _____ he didn’t come here.A、、whichB、、thatC、、whyD、、whatC13、、Which of the two cows ______ you keep produces more milk?A、、whichB、、thatC、、whatD、、asB。