分词概述完整版.ppt

分词现在分词 the present participle过去分词 the past participle状语、 定语、宾补、表语 (adj. \ adv.)1. 分词作状语• Hearing a noise, they stopped talking. • Taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look. • Being ill, he didn’t come. • Tired out, they stopped to have a rest. • Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.1. 分词作状语• ____________ (stay) here for some time, you’ll find the people here friendly. • _____(give) another chance, I will do a better job. • 多给点时间，我能把这件事做的更好 • She sat there _______(read) a newspaper. • He cut off the electricity quickly, ________ (prevent) an accident.Having stayedGivenGiven more time, I will be able to do it better. reading preventing1. 分词作状语• She walked into the classroom, ________ (follow) by two students. • _________(follow) two students, she walked into the classroom.Notes： 1）当分词或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑 主语必须和主句的主语一致。

followedFollowing• 满怀着希望和恐惧，他进入了山洞• Walking along the road, an accident happened. • Walking along the park, he saw an accident happen. • Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door. • Listening to the radio, he heard a knock at the door. • 被箭射中了，这个人从马上摔了下来1. 分词作状语Hit by the arrow, the man fell from the horse. Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.1. 分词作状语Notes： 2）分词作状语，还可以在前面加上适当的 连词如：when, while, until, if, unless, though, although 但是分词作原因状语时，不可以带有 because, since, as• 尽管被告知了危险，他仍然冒生命危险去 救那个男孩。

1. 分词作状语• While walking along the street, he was hit by a falling stone. • He will do better if properly encouraged. • 一旦看见，这件事情就永远难忘Once seen, it can never be forgotten. Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.before & after • After taking the medicine, he went to bed. • After being beaten, they were discouraged. • Before being exposed to the sun, I used some sunscreen to protect my skin. After, before后跟动名词，主动用 doing, 被动用being done1. 分词作状语• 一句话多没说，他的眼泪从他的脸上滑落 2. 独立主格结构• The train coming in, they stood in a line. • It being Sunday, there was no school. • Weather permitting, we’ll have the party in the garden. • 附近没有公交车，我们不得不乘出租车。

There being no buses nearby, we had to take a taxi. No word said, his tears came down his face.3. 分词结构的时态1）简单时的分词结构表示与句子的动词发 生在相同时间或略早些 Living in the suburbs, I have few visitors. Walking along the street, he found a wallet. Turning to the corner, the thief met a policeman face to face.3. 分词结构的时态如果分词结构的时间观念迟于主要动词， 则通常将分词结构放在句尾，但仍然要用 逗号分开 Finding the door locked, I went home. I went home, finding the door unlocked. I went back, only to find the door locked. He left, leaving his wife and two children.3. 分词结构的时态2）完成时的分词所表示的时间比主句的动词早 完成。

这种形式的分词在句中只作状语，一 般不作其他成分 Having lived in America, he is fluent in English. = As he has lived in America,… Having finished his work, he took a rest. = After finishing his work4. 分词结构的语态1）主动语态  主动意义 2）被动语态  被动意义 Having written something on a card, he gave it to me. Having written my composition, I have nothing to do. Having been writing letters all the morning, I had no time to attend to other matters.4. 分词结构的语态• The book, being written\ having been written \ written in an easy style, has many readers. • Being written\ Having been written \ Written in an easy style, the book has many readers.4. 分词结构的语态doingbeing donehaving donehaving been donedone 主动、正在进行 被动、正在进行 主动、已经完成 被动、已经完成 被动、完成或状态5. 几种分词形式的区别doing 与 having done • Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. • 一看到妈妈，这个孩子就冲向她的怀抱。

• Having seen the film, we went home. • 完成作业后，他停下来休息一下Seeing his mother, the baby rushed into her arms.Having finished his homework, he stopped to have a rest.5. 几种分词形式的区别• ________ (realize) my mother is angry, I am afraid to talk with her.• _________ (find) his house broken into, he dialed 110.• ______________(not know) what to do, he turned to his father for help.RealizingFindingNot knowing5. 几种分词形式的区别done, being done 与 having been done • Heated, water changes into steam. • 给我五分钟，我可以完成这个事情。

Given five minutes, I can finish it.• Being painted, the house in empty. • 因为在整修中，这条马路不通车Being repaired, the road is not open to traffic.• Having been discussed for many times, the problem was solved. • 在带领下参观图书馆后，我们被带去了教 学楼Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the teaching building.5. 几种分词形式的区别• Having been told not to break the rules, they behave themselves.• Told not to break the rules, they behave themselves.被告知…之后由于被告知6. 分词的否定形式not + 分词 not doing, not done, not having done • Not knowing what to do, he just stood there. • 在小区里没被任何人知道，他感到孤独。

Not known to anybody in the neighbourhood, he felt lonely.• 还没有做好足够准备，他们不得不推迟会议 Not having made enough preparations, they had to put off the meeting.7. 分词作定语1) 作定语的分词如果是单词，一般放在所修 饰的名词前面，如果是短语，一般放在所修 饰的名词后面，相当于定语从句 • The rising sun was hidden by the clouds. • The man standing there is our group leader. • A broken cup is lying on the ground. • This is a factory built in 1950.7. 分词作定语2) 过去分词一般修饰人，现在分词修饰物有 些“使…”动词有两种形容词：-ing & -ed • His words surprised me. • His。