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主从句的时态问题.doc

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  • 常见问题
    • 从句和主句中谓语动词的时态 在复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词时态一般遵循如下的规律: 一 ① 在如下三种主语从句中,主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”, should可省略   (1)It is+形容词+that…句型常用的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等   (2) It is +名词+that…句型常用的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(建议,建议), requirement, request, desire, order等     (3) It is+动词的过去分词+ that…句型常用的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等    ②在insist(坚持), urge (催促), order(命令), command(命令), suggest(建议),advise(建议),recommend(建议,推荐), request(祈求,规定), demand(规定),require(规定,需要)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”, should可省略。

       ③ 在具有advice, order, demand, proposal(建议), requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略   ④在某些表达惊讶、意志等感情色彩的名词性从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”,译为“居然,居然”例如:  I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way  I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum  It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited I am glad that your story should have won the first prize二 ①表达“同步”意义的连词as, when, as soon as, the moment, while 等连接的时间状语从句,主句和从句时态基本一致。

      例如:As time passed, things seemed to get worse  ② 表达“将来”意义的条件、时间和让步状语从句中多用一般目前时,而主句用一般将来时,被称为“主将从现”在以when,after,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般目前时例如:  I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她  If it doesn't rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨,她会准时来这儿的    Tom won’t go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story  Once I get him a job, he’ll be fine③ since引导的时间状语从句多用一般过去时,而具有since从句的主句一般用目前完毕时例如:I haven’t met her since I left university    在"since+点时间"句型中,主句一般用目前完毕时,从句用一般过去时。

      例如:  He has worked at the factory since he came here.自从她来到这儿,她就始终在这家工厂上班 此外,在句型"It's+段时间+since+从句"中,since背面的从句要用一般过去时例如:  It's a long time since we met last.自从我们上次会面以来已有好长时间了④在句式hardly/scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…中,第一种分句中过去完毕时,第二个分句用一般过去时例如:She had hardly sat down when the phone rang如果主、从句表达的动作或状态都发生在过去,并且有先后,则在先的用过去完毕时,在后的用一般过去时例如:  When he got there, the train had left.当她到那儿的时候,火车已经开了 He said he had visited the school before.她说她此前参观过那所学校⑤ 在as if/though 引导的状语从句中,如果表达一种与事实相反夸张,从句多用一般过去时或过去完毕时。

      例如:She stared at me as though I were a complete stranger三 在宾语从句 ①当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时,从句须用表达过去的某种时态例如:  He asked when they would go to the party.她问她们什么时候将去参与约会  Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.格林小姐说她此前曾经去过北京 ②当主句的时态为一般目前时、目迈进行时、目前完毕时等时态时,背面从句时态不受主句限制,可根据状况,选用多种适合的时态例如:  Do you know when we'll have a football match?你懂得我们什么时候举办足球赛吗?  You know he has gone to Shanghai.你懂得她已去上海了  ③当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、目前的习惯动作以及格言等时,其时态不受主句限制,而用一般目前时例如:  The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.教师告诉我们光速比音速要快。

      When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man.当我还是学生的时候,教师常常告诉我们,岁月不等人            随堂练习1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others.    A. who          B. whom         C. they         D. that  2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.   A. works       B. is working      C. are working    D. has been working 3. Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai.     A. have gone     B. have been      C. has been       D. had gone  4. I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.     A. who is        B. who am        C. that is         D. which am  5. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers.    A. both of them   B. both of who    C. both of whom   D. both of they 6. He is a man of great knowledge, ______ much can be learned.    A. in whom      B. about whom    C. from whom     D. of whom  7 Do you know the man ______ just now?    A. to who I nodded   B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him.   8. The man ______ has gone to Japan.    A. whom I told you       B. that I told you     C. whom I told you about him      D. I told you about  9. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black.     A. which        B. its            C. whose         D. which of 10. The radio set ______ last week has been out of order.    A. I bought          B. I bought it    C. which I bought it     D. what I bought定语从句复习[参照答案]  1-5    ACCBC      6-10   CBDCA     11-15  CDCAC   16-20  CDACA  21-25  BBBCC      26-30  ABBBB      31-35  DBBDB      36-40  DADCC 41-45  CADCC      46-50  CCCCB 。

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