高考专项训练--虚拟语气分析及习题考试.ppt

Subjunctive Mood•YiTian Middle School xxx虚拟语气• 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观 存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望 、假设或推测等如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞 行 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点 让我们就从最简单的开始吧简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表 示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的 语气，常用于日常会话中如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚• 二、表祝愿 • 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时 may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

• ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ • ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ • ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ • ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快 • ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝 愿我们的友情天长地久 • ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福• 2、用动词原形例如： • (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ • (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿 上帝保佑你！” • (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ • 三、表示强烈愿望该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用 动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） • (1).God save me． • (2).Heaven help us．• 四、在一些习惯表达中如： • (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就 出发。

• (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿 不告诉你这个秘密 • 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 • 一）对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：其句子 结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were,实义动词用过去式 例： • 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. • 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. • 3. I wish I were a bird. • 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home. • 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. • 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.• 二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： • 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

其句子结构为：宾 语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时例： • 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. • 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间事实上已浪费了) • 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. • 他真希望没有失去机会其实已失去) • 3. We wished he had spoken to us. • (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)• 4. I wish you had called earlier. • (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) • 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. • (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) • 例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. • A. could have slept B. slept • C. might have slept D. have slept • 动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反 的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表 示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的 动作）。

本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had • to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过 去发生的动作所以, 选项A) could have slept是答案• 三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)： • 从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形“(时间 上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)用wish表 示对将来事情的愿望例： • 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原 形stop) • 我希望雨能停止事实上雨还在下着呢) • 2. I wish you would be quiet. • 我希望你安静一些事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) • 3. You wished she would arrive the next day. • 你希望她第二天会到事实上她还没到) • 4. I wish she would change her mind. • 我希望她会改变主意呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就 改变主意喔) • 5. He will wish we would join him the following week. • (只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起 • 二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 • 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事 应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚 拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但 事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原 形，常用的此类动词有： • 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg • 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote • 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order • 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge • 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist• 例如： • 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. • 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. • 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我 建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。

• 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据， 直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的) • 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English-speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两 三年)• 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟 语气很普遍，其结构如： • order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +. (should) do • 6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. • 7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. • 但注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述 语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. • 8.she insists that she is right. • 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once. • 10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. • • 判断改错: • 11.You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. • 12.Your pale face suggests that you are ill. • 13.I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. • 14.I insisted that you were wrong. • 例题分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night. • A. were not played B. not be played • C. not to play D. did not play • 全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要 打开收音机”。

句中的谓语动词request（请求）所引出 的从句应当用虚拟语气，即动词原形或“should＋动词 原形”本句的主语从句中，主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体，谓语应当用被动语态所以，•答案是B) not be played(错) (对)(错) (对)• 16). The chairman requested that . • ［A］the members studied more carefully the problem • ［B］the problem was more carefulnessly studied • ［C］with more carefulness the problem could be studied • ［D］the members study the problem more carefully • 17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meetin。