定语从句学案.docx

Grammar:Attributive Clause【相关链接】：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等 关系副词有：when, where, why等自主建网】：III.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 功能作用用于限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句代替人代替物代替人/物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose=of whomwhose=of which1）who, whom, that 　 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语例如： 　 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

whom/that从句中作宾语） 2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）例如： 　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙 　 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等例如： 　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣which / that在句中作宾语） 　　The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包 快散了which / that在句 中作宾语） III.2 关系代词that&which的用法 1）不用that的情况 　　 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。

例如： 　　　 （错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 　　 b） 介词后不能用例如： 　　　　 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物 　　　　 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2） 一般只用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 （只that不which的情况）　　 a）　在不定代词，如：something, anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that， 不用which　　 b）　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which　　 c）　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被序数词数词最高级，the only, the very，only, few, much, no, some, any修饰时，只用that　　 d）　先行词既有人，又有物时，只用that e） 当主句的主语时疑问词who或which时，只用thatf） 句子中由两个定语从句时，其中一个已用关系代词which, 另外一个宜用that;g) 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中作表语时，只用that例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 He is the only person that was present at the time. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? Which is the bike that you lost? This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.3）须用关系代词which 的用法①. 引导非限定性定语从句时，可以修饰整个主句例如：The moon travels round the earth once every month, which is known to everybody.②. 当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which, 不用that. 例如：This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.III.3 关系副词引导的定语从句 　 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词被替代的先行词在从句中的作用when(=at, in, on, during which)表时间的名词时间状语where(=in, at which)表地点的名词地点状语why(=for which)只有reason原因状语1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用例如： 　 There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候 　 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.　北京是我的出生地 　 Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略例如： 　 His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

　 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方注：①关系副词引导定语从句时，只起状语作用，既不能做动词的宾语，也不能做介词的宾语 如：The man is said to come from a town where nobody knew.(×)The man is said to come from a town which nobody knew.(√)That is the age in when people live in peace and happiness.(×)That is the age when people live in peace and happiness.(√)② 地点名词后当然可以接where从句，但其他如case, point, conditions, job, instances, situation等表示“情况，方面”等的名词亦可以接where 从句，这中用法的where相当于under which, from which等，意思为“在这种情况下，从……中”等。

例如：There are some cases where this rule does not hold good.在某些情况下，这条规则不适用This is a job where you can learn something.从这项工作中你能学到一些东西III.4 判断关系代词与关系副词 　 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词及物动词后 面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词例如： 　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村 　 I\'ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事 的日子　判断改错：　 （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 　 （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 　 （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. 　 （对） I\'ll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。

此两题错 在关系词的误用上 　 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? 　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. 　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例3 B例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省。