英语四级仔细阅读篇.ppt

Detailed ReadingXiaohui, SunMar. 232021/8/61考试题型试卷试卷构成构成测试内容测试内容测试题型测试题型比比例例阅读阅读理解理解仔细阅仔细阅读理解读理解篇章阅读理解篇章阅读理解 （（2 2篇，篇，300-350 words300-350 words））多项选择多项选择2 ’2 ’×10×103535% % 篇章词汇理解篇章词汇理解 (1 (1篇，篇， 200-250 words)200-250 words)选词填空选词填空0.5’0.5’×10×10快速阅读理解快速阅读理解1 ’×101 ’×10是非判断是非判断+ +句子填空句子填空或选择或选择2021/8/62选材原则n语料均来自英文原版材料，包括日常生语料均来自英文原版材料，包括日常生活中的报刊、书籍等活中的报刊、书籍等n选材原则：选材原则：n1.题材广泛题材广泛n2.体裁多样体裁多样n3.仔细阅读难度适中，快速阅读、选词填空仔细阅读难度适中，快速阅读、选词填空难度略低难度略低n4.词汇不超出《教学要求》中的一般词汇词汇不超出《教学要求》中的一般词汇2021/8/63高分攻略高分攻略n一、选词填空一、选词填空n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解2021/8/64高分攻略高分攻略n一、选词填空一、选词填空n1.题型介绍题型介绍n解题时间：解题时间：10分钟分钟n分值：分值：5%n删去删去10个词汇，给出个词汇，给出15个选项个选项2021/8/65高分攻略高分攻略n一、选词填空一、选词填空n2.选项特点选项特点n一般首句不设空，一句中不设两空一般首句不设空，一句中不设两空n选项一般为实词，一般不考查介词、冠词等虚词选项一般为实词，一般不考查介词、冠词等虚词n正确选项均有干扰项。

选项表中，正确选项与干扰正确选项均有干扰项选项表中，正确选项与干扰项一般不在一起项一般不在一起n选项的词性、词形、时态、语态不作任何变化选项的词性、词形、时态、语态不作任何变化n如选项中出现一组近义词或反义词，往往有一个是如选项中出现一组近义词或反义词，往往有一个是干扰项干扰项2021/8/66高分攻略高分攻略n一、选词填空一、选词填空n3.解题技巧解题技巧n速读全文，了解大意速读全文，了解大意n浏览选项，分析词性浏览选项，分析词性n积极思考，谨慎选择积极思考，谨慎选择n复查全文，验证答案复查全文，验证答案2021/8/67高分攻略高分攻略n一、选词填空一、选词填空n3.解题技巧解题技巧n积极思考，谨慎选择积极思考，谨慎选择n空格前为冠词空格前为冠词(a, an, the)、形容词或及物动词，应填名、形容词或及物动词，应填名词词n空格前为空格前为have/has/had，应填过去分词，应填过去分词n空格前为空格前为be动词，应填过去分词、现在分词或形容词动词，应填过去分词、现在分词或形容词n空格前为副词，应填形容词空格前为副词，应填形容词n空格前为介词，应填名词或动名词空格前为介词，应填名词或动名词2021/8/68高分攻略高分攻略n一、选词填空一、选词填空n3.解题技巧解题技巧n积极思考，谨慎选择积极思考，谨慎选择n空格前为形容词或从句，应填副词空格前为形容词或从句，应填副词n空格前为名词，应填动词或形容词空格前为名词，应填动词或形容词n空格前为动词，应填名词或副词空格前为动词，应填名词或副词n选择过程中不必按顺序做题，可先选出最有把握选择过程中不必按顺序做题，可先选出最有把握的，然后删除该词，缩小范围的，然后删除该词，缩小范围2021/8/69高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n五大题型五大题型2021/8/610高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n1.主题句主题句n往往在文章首段的段首、段尾，或尾段的段往往在文章首段的段首、段尾，或尾段的段尾尾n每段的主题句一般位于段首或段尾每段的主题句一般位于段首或段尾2021/8/611高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n1.主题句主题句n演绎类：篇首演绎类：篇首n归纳类：篇尾归纳类：篇尾n有时，文章中间有时，文章中间2021/8/612高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n1.主题句主题句 E.g. (2009年年12月月)n Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.2021/8/613高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n1.主题句主题句 E.g. (2009年年12月月)n62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?nA. Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the US.nB. A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.nC. American universitives are enrolling more international students.nD. University presients are paying more attention to fund raising.A2021/8/614高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n2.强转折、强对比强转折、强对比n强转折强转折n转折连词引出全文或段落的主旨转折连词引出全文或段落的主旨n常考转折词还有常考转折词还有in fact, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although等等2021/8/615高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n2.强转折、强对比强转折、强对比n强转折强转折E.g. (2009年年12月月)n Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Right so. But selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And what means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.2021/8/616高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n2.强转折、强对比强转折、强对比n强转折强转折 (2009年年12月月)n57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?nA. She serves as a role model for African-American women.nB. She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.nC. She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.nD. She will pay closer attention the the interests of African-American women.C2021/8/617高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n2.强转折、强对比强转折、强对比n强对比强对比n往往是正误观点或新旧观点对比往往是正误观点或新旧观点对比n转折连词之后的正确观念或新观点是出题重点转折连词之后的正确观念或新观点是出题重点n常考对比词有常考对比词有on the other hand, on the contrary, in/by contrast/comparison, in opposition (to), not…but…, while, rather than等等2021/8/618高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n2.强转折、强对比强转折、强对比n强对比强对比 E.g. (2006年年12月月)n Even people who have a physical disease of handicap (缺陷缺陷) may be “well” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.2021/8/619高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n2.强转折、强对比强转折、强对比n强对比强对比 E.g. (2006年年12月月)n65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ______.nA. to best satisfy their body’s special needsnB. to strive to maintain the best possible healthnC. to meet the strictest standards of bodily healthnD. to keep a proper balance between work and leisureB2021/8/620高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n3.列举、举例列举、举例n列举列举n往往是事实细节题的主要出题点往往是事实细节题的主要出题点n根据题干中的关键词找到文中列举处，然后对照根据题干中的关键词找到文中列举处，然后对照原文与选项进行作答原文与选项进行作答n正面出题，反面出题正面出题，反面出题2021/8/621高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n3.列举、举例列举、举例n列举列举. (2006年年6月月)n The following list is a good place to start.n Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-boarder” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and related experience.2021/8/622高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n3.列举、举例列举、举例n列举列举. (2006年年6月月)n34. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ______.nA. provide a detailed description of their study and work experiencesnB. give the title of the university degree they have earned at homenC. highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-boarder” careernD. stress their academic potential to impress the decision makerA2021/8/623高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n3.列举、举例列举、举例n举例举例n命题重点之一命题重点之一n与文章或段落的中心密切相关；不明显的例证，与文章或段落的中心密切相关；不明显的例证，通过上下文进行理解通过上下文进行理解n总结说明可作为解题依据总结说明可作为解题依据2021/8/624高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n3.列举、举例列举、举例n举例举例. (2009年年12月月)n In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost (教务长教务长), as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in their previous job she had overseen (监督监督) “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”2021/8/625高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n3.列举、举例列举、举例n举例举例. (2009年年12月月) n65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancllor chiefly because _.nA. she was known to be good at raising moneynB. she could help strengthen its ties with YalenC. she knew how to attract students overseasnD. she has boosted Yale’s academic statusA2021/8/626高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n4.因果因果n两个事件的内在因果关系往往是出题重点两个事件的内在因果关系往往是出题重点n给出原因找结果给出原因找结果n给出结果找原因给出结果找原因n常用词汇和短语：常用词汇和短语：narise from, originate from, owe to, attribute to2021/8/627高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n4.因果因果 (2008年年12月月)n There are many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.2021/8/628高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n4.因果因果 (2008年年12月月)n58. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?nA. Men drink and smoke much more than womennB. Men don’t seek medical care as often as womennC. Men aren’t as cautious as women in face of dangernD. Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseaseB2021/8/629高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n5.引言、专有名词引言、专有名词n往往是命题之处，考查引言得出的结论往往是命题之处，考查引言得出的结论n考查细节或推断题考查细节或推断题2021/8/630高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n6.特殊标点特殊标点n一般表示进一步的解释说明一般表示进一步的解释说明n往往是理解中心思想的关键往往是理解中心思想的关键2021/8/631高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n6.特殊标点特殊标点 (2009年年12月月)n Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House – mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone – an impossible task.2021/8/632高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n6.特殊标点特殊标点 (2009年年12月月) n60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lay?nA. Howerver many fans she has, she should remain modest.nB. She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.nC. However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.nD. She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.C2021/8/633高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n7.复杂句、特殊句型复杂句、特殊句型n8.生词及一词多义生词及一词多义2021/8/634高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n8.生词及一词多义生词及一词多义 (2006年年12月月)n The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.”2021/8/635高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n八大出题规律八大出题规律n8.生词及一词多义生词及一词多义 (2006年年12月月)n64. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he ____.nA. does not have any unhealthy living habitsnB. doesn’t have any physical handicapsnC. is able to handle his daily routinesnD. is free from any kind of diseaseD2021/8/636高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题细节题n主旨题主旨题n推理题推理题n态度题态度题n语义题语义题2021/8/637高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n题型分类：题型分类：n1）词语细节题：）词语细节题：n答案直接来自原文，只需按照题干中的关键词返答案直接来自原文，只需按照题干中的关键词返回原文定位，找到对应表达，即可在上下文找到回原文定位，找到对应表达，即可在上下文找到答案答案2021/8/638高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n题型分类：题型分类：n2）隐含细节题：）隐含细节题：n从题干中很难找到直接对应原文的表达，或答案从题干中很难找到直接对应原文的表达，或答案间接隐含在原文中，又或答案是原文中某一事实间接隐含在原文中，又或答案是原文中某一事实的原因、前提或结果的原因、前提或结果2021/8/639高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n题干形式：题干形式：nAccording to the passage, … may …nThose against… argue that …nAccording to the passage, why…?nAccording to the author, …nAccording to the passage, why is…?nIn the first paragraph, people are reminded that…2021/8/640高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n1）如有两个含义相近或相反选项，其一可）如有两个含义相近或相反选项，其一可能是正确选项能是正确选项2021/8/641高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n1）如有两个含义相近或相反选项，其一）如有两个含义相近或相反选项，其一可能是正确选项可能是正确选项 E.g. (2009年年12月月)n58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?nA. They are victims of family violence.nB. They are of an inferior social group.nC. They use quite a lot of body language.nD. They live on charity and social welfare.BA2021/8/642高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n2）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行同义替换同义替换2021/8/643高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n2）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行同义替换行同义替换 E.g. (2009年年12月月)nMany African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House – mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.2021/8/644高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n2）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行同）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行同义替换义替换 E.g. (2009年年12月月)n59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?nA. Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.nB. How Michelle should behave as a public figure.nC. How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.nD. What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.D2021/8/645高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n3）排除式题型中，含有模糊性概括词的一）排除式题型中，含有模糊性概括词的一般是正确选项，而含绝对意义词的一般是错般是正确选项，而含绝对意义词的一般是错误选项。

误选项n模糊类概括词：模糊类概括词：some, certain, someone, sometimes, less, (not) as… as…, more … than …2021/8/646高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n3）排除式题型中，含有模糊性概括词的一般是）排除式题型中，含有模糊性概括词的一般是正确选项，而含绝对意义词的一般是错误选项正确选项，而含绝对意义词的一般是错误选项n绝对含义词：绝对含义词：all, any, everyone, everything, no, none, never, must, have to, always, too, so, alone, absolutely, mainly, entirely, completely, very, the most, hardly, scarecely2021/8/647高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n错误选项特征：错误选项特征：n含有原文未涉及的内容含有原文未涉及的内容n更换原文关键词造成意义改变更换原文关键词造成意义改变n将原文内容过度绝对化将原文内容过度绝对化n与原文矛盾与原文矛盾2021/8/648高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n错误选项特征错误选项特征 E.g. (2009年年12月月)nMany European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators, and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.2021/8/649高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型: 细节题：最常考题型细节题：最常考题型n错误选项特征错误选项特征 E.g. (2009年年12月月)n64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?nA. The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.nB. Their operation is under strict government supervision.nC. They are strengthening their position by globalization.nD. Most of their revenues come from the government.D2021/8/650高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n题型分类：题型分类：n标准型标准型n目的型目的型n大意型大意型2021/8/651高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n题干形式：题干形式：n标准型标准型nWhich of the following titles best summarize the main idea of the passage?nThe best title for the passage would be…2021/8/652高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n题干形式：题干形式：n目的型目的型nThe author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to…nWhat’s the author’s purpose in writing this article?2021/8/653高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n题干形式：题干形式：n大意型大意型nThe passage is mainly about…nThe passage mainly discusses…2021/8/654高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n1)正确选项一般内容全面、含义深刻、正确选项一般内容全面、含义深刻、概括全文。

概括全文2021/8/655高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n正确选项特征正确选项特征(2005年年1月月)30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?A. To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.B. To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.C. To support the statement made by York Onnen.D. To show the most effective way to lose weight.D2021/8/656高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n2)如果出现内容相近或相反两个选项，如果出现内容相近或相反两个选项，其一可能是正确选项其一可能是正确选项2021/8/657高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n正确选项特征正确选项特征(2006年年6月月)25. The passage mainly discusses _____.A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB. the major contributions of educated women to societyC. the economic and social benefits of educating womenD. the potential earning power of well-educated womenCB2021/8/658高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n正确选项特征正确选项特征(2006年年6月月)n25. The passage mainly discusses __.n解析：解析：n第一段：第一段：enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issuen最后一段：最后一段：…educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well.2021/8/659高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n3)正确选项一般含有概括性词语或抽象名词。

正确选项一般含有概括性词语或抽象名词如：如：nway, benefit, importance, necessity (necessary), chance, opportunity, concept, approach, difficulty, many, both, various,…2021/8/660高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n正确选项特征正确选项特征(2005年年12月月)31. The passage is mianly about _____.A. the benefits of manageable stressB. how to avoid stressful situationsC. how to cope with stress effectivelyD. the effect of stress hormones on memoryA2021/8/661高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n正确选项特征正确选项特征(2005年年12月月)n31. The passage is mianly about _____.n解析：解析：nA: 含含benefit: be goodnstress: challenging situationsnmanageable: in which you are able to rise to the occasion2021/8/662高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n错误选项特征：错误选项特征：n含有原文未提及的信息含有原文未提及的信息n将原文内容过于一般化或没有具体信将原文内容过于一般化或没有具体信息息n以偏概全以偏概全2021/8/663高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n错误选项特征错误选项特征(2006年年6月月)25. The passage mainly discusses _____.A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB. the major contributions of educated women to societyC. the economic and social benefits of educating womenD. the potential earning power of well-educated womenC2021/8/664高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n错误选项特征错误选项特征(2006年年6月月)25. The passage mainly discusses _____.n解析：解析：nA: 第二特征，未体现中心第二特征，未体现中心“教育教育”nB：第一特征，文章未提及受教育女性的具体：第一特征，文章未提及受教育女性的具体贡献贡献nD：第三特征，只是文章论据部分的内容：第三特征，只是文章论据部分的内容2021/8/665高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n语义题语义题n题型分类：题型分类：n单词短语题：单词短语题：n一词多义、生僻词汇一词多义、生僻词汇n句子含义题句子含义题n不能孤立判断，必须结合上下文不能孤立判断，必须结合上下文2021/8/666高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n语义题语义题n题干形式：题干形式：nWhat do… mean by saying “…”?nBy saying “…”, … means “…”.nBy saying “…”, … wants to convey the message that …2021/8/667高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n语义题语义题n题干形式：题干形式：nThe “…” refers to…nTraditionally, a person is considered “…”, if he …nAccording to the author, the true meaning of “…” is for people …2021/8/668高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n1)如果考查句意，正确选项往往语气如果考查句意，正确选项往往语气不肯定或意义解释深刻。

不肯定或意义解释深刻2021/8/669高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题n大纲样题：大纲样题：n65. What do the environmentalishts mean by saying “Not so fast”?nA. Don’t be too optimistic.nB. Don’t expect fast returns.nC. The oil drilling should be delayed.nD. Oil exploitation takes a long time.BA2021/8/670高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n2)如果考查熟词解义，与上下文意义如果考查熟词解义，与上下文意义一致的解释往往是正确答案一致的解释往往是正确答案2021/8/671高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题nE.g. (2006年年12月月)：：nThe field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.”2021/8/672高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年年12月月) n64. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he ____.nA. does not have any unhealthy living habitsnB. doesn’t have any physical handicapsnC. is able to handle his daily routinesnD. is free from any kind of diseaseD2021/8/673高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年年12月月) n解析：解析：n传统医学把传统医学把not ill和和excellent health两种状态都称为两种状态都称为welln传统医学认为的传统医学认为的well就是远离疾病就是远离疾病2021/8/674高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n3)正确选项往往同义替换所考词汇或正确选项往往同义替换所考词汇或句子。

句子2021/8/675高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题nE.g. (2006年年12月月)：：nAs diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restauranteurs salivate (垂涎垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.2021/8/676高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年年12月月) n59. The “fancier brands” (Line 4) refers to ____.nA. tap water from the Thames RivernB. famous wines not sold in ordinary storesnC. PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s DasaninD. expensive bottled water with impressive namesD2021/8/677高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年年12月月) n解析：解析：nexpressive同义替换题干中的同义替换题干中的fanciernsomething with impressive names同义替换题干的同义替换题干的brands2021/8/678高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n错误选项特征：错误选项特征：n1)对句子的解释太宽或太窄。

对句子的解释太宽或太窄2021/8/679高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题nE.g. (2006年年12月月)：：n55. By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water”, von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that ___.nA. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinkingnB. bottled water is clearly superior to tap waternC. bottled water often appeals more to dog’s taste nD. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in tasteB2021/8/680高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年年12月月) n解析：解析：nA: 解释太宽解释太宽nC、、D：解释太窄：解释太窄2021/8/681高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n主旨题主旨题n错误选项特征：错误选项特征：n2)与该词含义无关或相反，或含有被与该词含义无关或相反，或含有被考查词汇的常规含义。

考查词汇的常规含义2021/8/682高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年年12月月)：：n65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ___.nA. to best satisfy their body’s special needsnB. to strive to maintain the best possible healthnC. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health nD. to keep a proper balance between work and leisureB2021/8/683高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：主旨题五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年年12月月) n解析：解析：nA、、D：与：与wellness无关无关2021/8/684高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n题型分类：题型分类：n作者观点题作者观点题n作者态度题作者态度题2021/8/685高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n题干形式：题干形式：nWhat is the author’s attitude toward…nThe author’s attitude toward…could be described as…nIt’s the author’s view that …2021/8/686高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n题干形式：题干形式：nWhich of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?nThe author hopes to have the current situation on … improved by…2021/8/687高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n解题技巧：解题技巧：n1）作者观点常用）作者观点常用personally, I think/hold, in my opinion/view, it is my view that等词引出，尤其是观点等词引出，尤其是观点句中的句中的must, should, ought to2021/8/688高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n解题技巧：解题技巧：n2）与作者相反的观点常用）与作者相反的观点常用suppose, claimed/ranked/considered/perceivee as 引出；直接或间接引语一般不是引出；直接或间接引语一般不是作者观点，而是引用的观点。

作者观点，而是引用的观点2021/8/689高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n解题技巧：解题技巧：n3）议论文的中心句暗示作者观点；）议论文的中心句暗示作者观点；n说明文较客观，作者往往中立；说明文较客观，作者往往中立；n描述性文章中，作者观点一般比较间接，描述性文章中，作者观点一般比较间接，但带有倾向性但带有倾向性2021/8/690高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n1）议论文中，意义深刻、富有哲理、符）议论文中，意义深刻、富有哲理、符合一般规律的选项一般是正确选项合一般规律的选项一般是正确选项2021/8/691高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：观点题五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题大纲样题)n57. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?nA. The words people use can influence their behavior.nB. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.nC. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.nD. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.A2021/8/692高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：观点题五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题大纲样题)n解析：解析：nB、、C、、D：较具体：较具体nA: 含义最深刻、富有哲理、符合一般含义最深刻、富有哲理、符合一般规律规律2021/8/693高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n2）正确选项的态度常常与文章中的褒贬）正确选项的态度常常与文章中的褒贬态度保持一致。

态度保持一致2021/8/694高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：观点题五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题大纲样题)n In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.2021/8/695高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：观点题五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题大纲样题)n61. The author hopes to have the current situation on sports improved by ____.nA. regulating the relationship between players and refereesnB. calling on players to use clean language in the courtnC. raising the referee’s sense of responsibilitynD. changing the attitude of players on the sports fieldD2021/8/696高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n错误选项特征：错误选项特征：n1）中性词选项一般为错误选项，如：）中性词选项一般为错误选项，如：nIndifferent, neutral, impassive, disinterested/uninterested, apathetic, ambivalent, impersonal, subjective, objective, impartial, informative, descriptive, matter-of-fact, etc.n作者一般持支持或反对态度。

作者一般持支持或反对态度2021/8/697高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：观点题五大题型：观点题 (2003年年1月月)n21. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?nA. criticalnB. prejudicednC. indifferentnD. positiveD2021/8/698高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n观点题观点题n错误选项特征：错误选项特征：n2）错误选项一般混淆两个事物或作者与）错误选项一般混淆两个事物或作者与别人的态度别人的态度2021/8/699高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：观点题五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题大纲样题)n57. Which of the following statements best expressed the author’s view?nA. The words people use can influence their behavior.nB. Unpleasant words in sports are oftenr used by foreign athletes.nC. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.nD. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.A2021/8/6100高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n推理题推理题n题型分类：题型分类：n局部推理题：多考局部推理题：多考n篇章推理题：少考篇章推理题：少考2021/8/6101高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n推理题推理题n题干形式：题干形式：nWe learn from the second paragraph that…nIt can be learned/inferred from the passage that…nWhat do we learn about… from the last paragraph/passage?2021/8/6102高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n推理题推理题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n1）如果所有选项均可凭常识判断，含义）如果所有选项均可凭常识判断，含义最深刻的是正确选项；或唯一不是常识的最深刻的是正确选项；或唯一不是常识的是唯一选项。

是唯一选项2021/8/6103高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型：推理题五大题型：推理题 (2006年年6月月)n61. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.nA. honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsnB. more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesnC. suitable media should be chosen for differnet communication purposesnD. email is now the dominant medium of communication within a communityC2021/8/6104高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n推理题推理题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n2）正确选项一般较主观、不合理、不肯）正确选项一般较主观、不合理、不肯定或有新意。

定或有新意n主观词汇：主观词汇：believe, suggest, expect, suspect, like, dislike, discuss, ignore, overlook2021/8/6105高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n推理题推理题n正确选项特征：正确选项特征：n2）正确选项一般较主观、不合理、不肯）正确选项一般较主观、不合理、不肯定或有新意定或有新意n不肯定词汇：不肯定词汇：can, could, should, may, might, be likely to, some, most, more or less, often, usually, possible, dubious, relatively, not necessarily, whether…or…2021/8/6106高分攻略高分攻略n二、篇章阅读理解二、篇章阅读理解n五大题型五大题型n推理题推理题n错误选项特征：错误选项特征：n1）推理过度，主次不分）推理过度，主次不分n2）以假乱真，编造信息）以假乱真，编造信息2021/8/6107。