虚拟语气高考英语复习.ppt

英语语法——虚拟语气 Subjunctive MoodI.动词的语气简介： 语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气动词的三种语气：1、陈述语气——所表达的动作或状态是符合客观 现实的 e.g. Flowers blossom in the spring. He played the piano well.2、祈使语气——表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等 e.g. Let us help you. Keep off the grass.3、虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑 推测、祝愿等II.虚拟语气 （Subjunctive Mood）判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：1. If we could finish our work earlier, we shall go to the cinema.2. The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.3. I wish that it is true.4. Had you put on more clothes, you would not catch a cold.shall 改成 shouldwill not 改成 ( should ) notis 改成 werewould not catch 改成 would not have caughtIII.虚拟语气的运用 1）if真实条件句 2）if虚拟条件句 3）错综条件句 4）省略if的倒装句 5）含蓄条件句（with，but for，不定式，分词等后） 1、在if条件从句中的运用 2、其他形式的虚拟语气 1）should+动词原形的形式（表建议的advise， suggest等词或从句后） 2）wish，would rather，as if等后的虚拟语气的形式 1、if条件句中的虚拟语气 If it _____ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _____________ (put off) . 2）if虚拟条件句构成——从句：一般现在时 主句：将来时rainswill be put off动词过去式be—were条件从句结果主句would/should/could/might+动词原形had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have 过去分词 动词过去式 were+不定式 should +动词原形would （should）+动词原形1）if真实条件句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反ATTENTIONØ 虚拟语气的助动词为should，would， could，might，与将来事实相反常用should或wouldØ系动词be的过去式只有wereØ 虚拟语气中只有完成式、过去式的形式，不存在一般现在时、将来时等其他时态的形式练习：1. If I ______ (know) her address, I would write to her.2. What would you have done if you __________(miss) the train?3. If he ___________ (not be ill ), he would have done something.4. If it ________________________(snow) tomorrow, we ____________(get up) early.5. If you had asked him yesterday, you __________ (know) what to do now.knewhad missedhad not been illwere to /should snow/ snowedshould get upwould know3)错综条件句If he ______ his legs yesterday, he _____ with us now.A.hadn’t hurt ; would go B.hadn’t hurt; would have goneC.didn’t hurt; would go D.didn’t hurt; would have gone√ ¨错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。

e.g. If she hadn’t studied hard, she wouldn’t speak so well.4)省略if的倒装句e.g. If they were here, they would help us.如果从句中有were，should，had等词， 可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.Were they here, they would help us.Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.__________ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive√5)含蓄条件句假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。

如with，without，but for，but， otherwise等e.g. I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up. But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to School. I was away that day, otherwise I ____ the lecture.A.had attended B.would have attendedC.would attend D.attended √If you had not helped me…If I had not lost her phone number…。