
超级详细国际音标讲解.ppt
214页国际音标国际音标•元音和辅音的定义:•发音时声带振 动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音•不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音•发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音•发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音元元 音音12个个单元音元音长元音元音[a:][ә:][i:][ɔ:] [u:]短元音短元音[Λ][ә][i][ɔ] [u][æ][e]8个双元音个双元音[ai] [ei][ɔi][iә ][eә ] [uә ][au][әu] 辅 音音10对清清辅音音[p] [t][k][f][s][∫][t∫][tr][θ][ts]浊辅音音[b] [d][g][v][z][3][d3][dr][ð][dz]3个鼻音个鼻音[m][n][η]3个似拼音个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音个半元音[w][j]元音音标学习•元音概述:元音是有噪音的语音形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声英语里共有20个元音(单元音12个,双元音8个)。
•元音之间的差异,是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的所谓“不同位置”,指的是舌头的高低与前后,牙床的开合程度,以及唇形的大小和圆扁但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置:舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部,决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音;舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高,决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的,而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响因此,描述一个元音的发音部位,主要是描述它的舌位和唇形 Lesson 1元音[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 学习•[i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee • e: me be she he we evening• ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green• ea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean•根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。
音相同的两个词• 1.seat rain bean cat • 2.gift feet teacher dog• 3.pig star tree jeep •4.sweet sea fish the•[i] [i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y i e y eyey ay ay• i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin• e: begin b e: begin be ehind jacket baskhind jacket baske etballtball• y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny • lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy snowyrainy snowy• eyey: monkey money: monkey money• ay: Sunday Saturday Friday ay: Sunday Saturday Friday •根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。
根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词• 1.sofa sit kick lip 1.sofa sit kick lip • 2.ink gift jam ship 2.ink gift jam ship• 3.hand picture big sister 3.hand picture big sister • 4.hot lick pig jelly 4.hot lick pig jelly •[ә:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear or• er: her serve term• ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt • ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain• ear:early learn • or: word work world•根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。
同的单词• 1.thirty beer thirsty wheat • 2. bank king her nurse• 3.turtle bird rabbit knee • 4.room run shirt term[ә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e• ure: picture• er:teacher brother dinner father sister mother• ar: sugar• or:doctor • a:panda about above camera sofa China•根据发音规则,找出发根据发音规则,找出发[ә]的的2个单词写在后面的个单词写在后面的横线上• 1.mother sofa road smile • 2.sit father sister food • 3. hair deer tiger China • 4.sugar soon ear leader 音标音标[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 练习练习1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。
找出下列没有相同发音的词 ( ) ①①hefeet bread green ( ) ②②pig is dog ship ( ) ③③thirtybird her food ( ) ④④shebig in money ( ) ⑤⑤sweetsfish teacher we ( ) ⑥⑥teachersisteraboutgirl ( ) ⑦⑦tigerfirstworkshirt ( ) ⑧⑧treebeancleanchin ( ) ⑨⑨fatherdoctorskirt china ( ) ⑩⑩happyseasitpicture2. 读音标写单词读音标写单词 [bi:] [bә:d] [si:] [swi:t] [′bizi] [hә:] [′dɔktә] [′sistә] [li:f] [hi:] 3. 连线。
连线 meat [ә:] thirsty [i:] driver [ә] animal [i:]Lesson 2音标音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]学习学习 [ɔ:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oor a: water aw:draw strawberry al:ball wall or:horse corn fork or short oor:floor door根据发音规则,找出发根据发音规则,找出发[ɔ:]的的1个单词写在后面的横线上个单词写在后面的横线上 1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare 3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk •[ɔ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o a• o: fox coffee dog shop dog• doctor long• a: watch •根据发音规则,找出发根据发音规则,找出发[ɔ:]的的2个单词写在个单词写在后面的横线上。
后面的横线上• 1.doctor teacher box clothes• 2.cold zoo clock dog• 3.love boss lot violin• 4.watch beach fox girl[u:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui • o: do who whose• oo: food moon too• ui: fruit juice• u: ruler rude •根据发音规则,找出不发根据发音规则,找出不发[u:]的单词• 1. juice moon zoo panda • 2. tooth broom eye spoon• 3. head boot noodles pool • 4. noon cool boot watch•[u]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u• o:woman wolf• oo:look good book foot wood• u:bull bullet•根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。
不相同的单词• 1.mouth book look pull • 2.push tape sugar foot• 3.wood kind wolf bull • 4.bullet wood cook name音标音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]练习练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写一.抄写音标,一个抄写10遍遍,一边抄写一边读一边抄写一边读 [u]:: [u:]:: [ɔ]:: [ɔ:]::__________ 二.找出下列没有相同发音的词二.找出下列没有相同发音的词 ( ) ①①moonfood eat fruit ( ) ②②truebookwoodlook ( ) ③③foursmallwalk bird ( ) ④④gotclockshopshirt ( ) ⑤⑤busfootpush book ( ) ⑥⑥lostball long ox ( ) ⑦⑦rulerdog mooncake blue ( ) ⑧⑧bigship horse it•四四. 写出单词或音标。
写出单词或音标• [bru:m] [dɔ:] [sit] [bә:d] • [fut] [wi:] [dɔg] [′sistә] • look do water good • too foot clock first • work sister doctor sea•五五. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。
将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来• hot[blu:]• football[huk]• blue[ki:s]• hook[futbɔ:l]• kiss[hɔt]Lesson 3音标音标[a:] [Λ] [[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] ] [e] 练习练习•[a:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear• a: grass glass class plant dance fast • father last • ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf • au: laugh aunt• ear: heart•根据发音规则,圈出发根据发音规则,圈出发[a:]的的2个单词• 1.arm lip doctor card • 2. cloud cart garden gate• 3.ball scarf dark tiger • 4. job lorry March park•[Λ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou• o: son come colour love money • u: sun nut jump gum bus brush • supper us• ou: touch cousin country•根据发音规则,找出每组中发根据发音规则,找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。
的单词• 1.hear cup bed air • 2. voice boy duck ant• 3.vase corn bear gun • 4. cute boy money her•[æ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map根据发音规则,找出每组中发根据发音规则,找出每组中发[æ]的单词• 1.rat bed face sport • 2.hear cup fat pear• 3.rice bat finger tree • 4.sea young knife apple•[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea• e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen• ea: bread head breakfast•根据发音规则,找出每组中不发根据发音规则,找出每组中不发[e]的单词。
的单词• 1.cat well leg pen • 2.sweat map pet elephant• 3.egg ten tall desk • 4.bread head bed toy•音标音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习练习•一.抄写音标,一个抄写一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍• [a:]:: [Λ]:: [æ]:: [e]::____•二.选出下列没有相同发音的词二.选出下列没有相同发音的词• ( ) 1. car arm food garden• ( ) 2. true jump bus cut • ( ) 3. bag short map flag• ( ) 4. egg pen head small• ( ) 5. got clock bell dog• ( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot• ( ) 7. rat bat apple ten• ( ) 8. gun star duck moneg•三三. 写出单词或音标。
写出单词或音标• [[pa:st]] [ru:m] [swet] [sit]• [fæt] [gɔt] [cΛp] [shә:t] • bag car bus bread star head•四四. 选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在(( )里画)里画☆☆,有两种读音的画有两种读音的画△ △,有三种的画有三种的画◇◇• ( ) 1. hat fast cook last • ( ) 2. jeep door sun gum• ( ) 3. dad cap hand map• ( ) 4. star car cut from• ( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her •五五. 改变下列单词的一个字母改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词使它变成另一个单词• like_________________(交通工具交通工具) • hat ________________(动物动物)• lake ________________(食品食品) • nice _______________(数字数字)• hot _________________(用品用品) • well _______________(用品用品)Lesson 4元音音标元音音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au]练练习习[ei] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay a: cake make name game snake gate lazy ai: rain train wait ay:day May play today way 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发音不一样根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。
的单词 1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat 3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train•[ai] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy• i: kite bike nice tiger write knife• y: by cry fly my sky try why• ie:tie pie • uy:buy•根据发音规则,找出每组中发根据发音规则,找出每组中发[ai]的的2个单词个单词.• 1.rice good jam right • 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse• 3.cloud sit tie eye • 4.write small tennis kite•[ɔi] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy• oi: oil boil coin corn• oy: boy toy•根据发音规则,找出每组中发根据发音规则,找出每组中发[ɔi]的的2个单词个单词.• 1.soil hear soy cold • 2. rabbit bed boy noise• 3.walk voise boil word • 4. tea enjoy toy milk•[au] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow • ou: house mouse mouth trousers • ow: flower cow how now down•根据发音规则,选出不发根据发音规则,选出不发[au]的单词。
的单词• 1..mouse cloud arm clown • 2.teacher trousers cow mouth• 3. town dance flower house • 4.tower blouse now baby•音标音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au]练习练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍 •[ei]: [ai]: [ɔi]: [au]:____ 二. 选出下列没有发相同发音的词• ( ) 1. cake egg rain May• ( ) 2. kite cry broom fly• ( ) 3. boy joy cat kate noise• ( ) 4. blouse sun cow house• ( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm三. 读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母,单 词的音标。
• [klaud] [set] [kɔin] [krɔ:s] c__ __ __d s__ __ c__ __n cr__ __s [flæg] [trein] [desk] [smail] f__ __g tr__ __n d__ __ __ s__ __le•Aa Kk Ii Yy •hi hey boy cow now•toy bike house my•cake face how nice四. 把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来• bow [bau]• gate [pai]• tray [geit]• pie [trei]• poison [pɔizn]五. 看图、填空、标号•h___t→ s__n→ e__ __s__ r→ • r__l__ __→ c__k___→ m__ __thLesson 5元音音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的练习[әu] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow o: nose rose poem over oa: boat coat soap goat ow: show window snow bowl 根据发音规则,圈出每组中发根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[әu]的的2个单词。
个单词 1..coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road 3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lamp [iә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer ear: ear hear tear dear eer: deer beer根据发音规则,圈出每组中发根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[iә]的的1个个单词 1.bear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come 3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here three[eә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear air: air hair chair pair ear: pear bear wear根据发音规则,圈出每组中发根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[eә]的的1个个单词。
单词 1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come 3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three[uә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ure oor: poor our: tour ure: sure pure根据发音规则,圈出每组中发根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[uә]的的1个个单词 1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury 3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍 [әu]: [iә]: [eә]: [uә]:___________ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词。
( ) 1. mouth coat goat window ( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher ( ) 3. pair boy air hare ( ) 4. poor tour Europe cry ( ) 5. boat bike side fly三. 写出单词或音标 [nәuz] [said] [iә] [kau] [peә] [puә] [bæt] [wu:d] go ear photo deer near nose hear五. 把下列单词与音标用线连起来。
[rәuz] theater ['θiәtә] rose [skweә] tour [tuә] square [pleisiz] placesreview•[i:] •I can see the deep green sea.•[i] •Why does Lily go out with Jim and not him? •[ә:] •The nurse put her pearl in her purse.•[ә]•My mother and my sister like the new shopping center.•[ɔ:] •Paul plays basketball.•[ɔ] •My mom likes to shop, she shops until she stops.•[u:] •You look so cool. •[u]•Where’s the cook book? Please take a look.•[a:]•Our game of darts is starting.•[Λ]•Father and son are flying kites in the sun.•[æ]•An apple is good after a nap.•[e]•My hen likes to lay ten fresh eggs everyday.•[ei]•It is a rainy day.• [ai] •I like to fly my kite in a quiet place.•[ɔi] •Boys and girls like new toys. They will bring many joys.•[au]•I got a cat to chase the mouse, now I hear “meow meow” around the house.•[әu] •Rose likes ice-cream in a cone, but never when she’s home alone.•[iә] •Tom has one bad ear, you must speak loud and clear.•[eә] •Beware of the hare in the yard, he glares and stares very hard.•[uә]•I love tours of European places.•音节音节 (Syllables): (Syllables): 音节是包含一个元音节是包含一个元音或一个元音跟别的辅音结合而成的音或一个元音跟别的辅音结合而成的发音单位。
发音单位•在英语中元音特别响亮在英语中元音特别响亮, , 一个元音可以一个元音可以构成一个音节构成一个音节, , 如:如:I ; I ; •一个元音和一个或几个元音或辅音音素一个元音和一个或几个元音或辅音音素也可以构成一个音节也可以构成一个音节, , 如:如:go, bed, go, bed, lamp, standlamp, stand•一般来说一般来说, ,元音可以构成音节元音可以构成音节, , 辅音不辅音不响亮响亮, , 不能构成音节不能构成音节•A. 音节的种类音节的种类:• (A) 开音节开音节(Open syllables): 分绝对开音节分绝对开音节和相对开音节两种和相对开音节两种• a. 绝对开音节:就是在元音字母后面没有绝对开音节:就是在元音字母后面没有辅音字母的音节辅音字母的音节, 如如: no, she, me等等 (无声的(无声的e 除外)•b. 相对开音节:就是在元音字母后面有相对开音节:就是在元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母(r 除外)除外), 还有一个无声的还有一个无声的字母字母 e,• 如如: take, bike, note, mute等等 (have 例外例外)。
•不论是绝对开音节还是相对开音节不论是绝对开音节还是相对开音节, , 读读音的规则就是发音的规则就是发其中元音字母的名称音其中元音字母的名称音 元音字母在重读开音节或重读相对开音节中读元音字母在重读开音节或重读相对开音节中读元音字母本身的音:元音字母本身的音: 元音字母元音字母 读音 读音 例词 例词 读音 读音 a /ei/ a /ei/ e /i:/ me /mi:/ I /ai/ I /ai/ o / әu / no /nәu / u /ju:/ cue /kju:/ exercise(B) 闭闭音音节节(Close (Close syllables): syllables): 元元音音字字母母后后面面有有辅辅音音字字母母((r r除除外外))时时, , 这这个个元元音音字字母母构构成的音节叫做闭音节。
成的音节叫做闭音节它的读音规则是它的读音规则是: : a a读作读作/ / æ /; a at, ct, ca at, sht, sha all; ll; e e 读作读作/ e /; d/ e /; de esk, bsk, be est; st; i i 读作读作/ i /; s/ i /; si it, pt, pi ig pg pi ick; ck; o o读作读作/ / ɔ /; h /; ho ot, knt, kno ock; ck; u u读作读作/Λ/, /Λ/, u up, cp, cu ut, dt, du uckck 元音字母在重读闭音节中的常用读音:元音字母在重读闭音节中的常用读音: 元音字母元音字母 读音 读音 例词 例词 读音读音 a / æ / man /mæn/ e /e/ men /men/ I /i/ bit /bit/ o / ɔ / hot hot-pot /h ɔ t/ u /u/ put /put/ (C) -r 音节:元音字母与辅音字母音节:元音字母与辅音字母 –r 结合,构成结合,构成ar, er, ir, or, ur音节。
音节在在-r音节中音节中, ar读作读作/ɑ:/, 如:如:car, far, park, star, large, farmer, target, carpet, carpenter, carbon ( 例外:例外:war, warm, warp, Mary) ; or读作读作/ ɔ: /, 如如:short, horse, north, sport, normal, forward (例外例外:word, work, worm, world); er, ir, ur都读作都读作/ ә: /, 如:如:her, verb, term, serve, stern, certain ( 例外:例外:clerk, very, Derby) ; girl, bird, first, shirt, skirt, firm; fur, hurt, burn, turn, nurse, further, curtain有有一一点点要要注注意意::在在双双音音节节或或多多音音节节的的词词中中, , r r 如如果果是是双双写写, , r r 前前的的元元音音字字母母在在重重读读音音节节中中按按闭闭音音节节的的读读音规则发音音规则发音, ,例如:例如:m mararry / ry / æ /, m /, mererry / e /, ry / e /, m mirirror ror / / i i /, /, s sororry/ ry/ ɔ /, /, h hururry / ry / ΛΛ /。
(D) -re音音节节::元元音音字字母母与与辅辅音音字字母母组组合合-re 结结合合,,构成构成are, ere, ire, ore, ure音节在在-re音节中音节中, are 读作读作/εә /, 如:如:care, dare, hare, rare stare, square; ere读读作作/ i ә / 或或 /εә /, 如如::mere, here; there, where(例外:例外:were);;ire读作读作/ aiә /, 如:如:fire,tire, hire; ore读作读作/ ɔ: /, 如:如:more, sore, wore, store; ure读读作作/ juә / 或或 / uә /, 如如::pure, cure, manure; sure a /i/ village /e/ any many /æ/ catch match fact happy marry /a:/ pass glass demand advance /ɔ / what wash swallow want watch /Λ/ agree ahead admire attend /ei/ take make table case behave able late! ai /e/ said /ei/ wait rain train raise grain ar /a:/ arm garden march smart harmful /ɔ:/ war warm warn /ә/ calendar polar /eә/ area vary various au /a:/ aunt laugh /ɔ:/ taught caught naught fault ay /e/ says /ei/ may way play stay e /i:/ me we he equal scene /i/ pretty English England /e/ egg effect check enter never gentle accept ee /i:/ see indeed breeze succeed /i/ coffee committee ea /i:/ eat beat neat real defeat /e/ spread /iә/ idea real ly realize /ei/ break great •eer /iә/ beer cheer deer career ear /a:/ heart /iә/ ear near clear fear hear /eә/ bear tear wear /ә:/ earth heard search ei /i:/ seize receive ceiling /ei/ eight neighbor reign i /i:/ police ski machine /i/ it fit pig miss kiss fill picnic /ai/ nice like wife advice dive prize wise tidy igh /ai/ high night ir /ә:/ bird first birthday ie /i:/ yield piece field believe /i/ carried worried ladies /e/ friendo /i/ women /ɔ/ copy offer block college possible /u/ woman wolf /u:/ who do lose dove movement /Λ/ son come compass government /ә/ method Europe second /әu/ notice bone devote hero host oo /ɔ:/ door /u/ good wood book woolen football /u:/ fool spoon cool tooth choose /Λ/ flood blood oa /ɔ:/ broad board /әu/ road boat coat coach ow /ɔ/ knowledge /әu/ know bowl slow low flow follow /au/ now how town tower.ou /ɔ/ cough /ɔ:/ bought brought course /Λ/ touch trouble couple double / ә / famous /au/ loud house shout south outer mouth about /uә/ tour tourist /әu/ soul shoulder though although u /i/ busy /e/ bury /u/ push pull helpful bullet careful /u:/ rude June revolutionary pollution /Λ/ sun adult culture custom ui /u:/ fruit juice /i/ build guilt ue /u:/ blue cruelty true ur /ә:/ turn church furniture further /ә/ surprise survive /uә/ fury jury assurance a.爆破音爆破音 / p /, / b /, / t//, / d /, / k /, / ɡ / b.摩擦音摩擦音 / f /,,/ v /,,/θ/,,/ ð /,,/ s /,,/ z / , /∫ /,,/ 3 /,,/ h /, / r /c.破擦音破擦音 / t∫/,,/dӡ /,,/tr/,,/dr/,,/ts/,,/dz/ d.鼻音鼻音 /m/ , /n/, /ŋ/ e.旁流音(舌侧音)旁流音(舌侧音) / l /f.半元音半元音 / w /, / j / 英语辅音英语辅音 (English consonants) (共共28个)个)•辅音的特点:辅音的特点:•辅音是气流从肺中压出后受唇、齿、辅音是气流从肺中压出后受唇、齿、 、、咽喉等发音器官阻碍的结果。
辅音有清咽喉等发音器官阻碍的结果辅音有清浊之分浊之分, , 发音时声带震动的是浊音,不发音时声带震动的是浊音,不震动的是清音震动的是清音Lesson 6辅音音标辅音音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习练习[p] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop pp: apple happy 根据发音规则,圈出没有发根据发音规则,圈出没有发[p]的单词 1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple 3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck[b] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag banana bb: rubber rabbit cabbage根据发音规则,圈出发根据发音规则,圈出发[b]的2个单词。
单词 1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby[t] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket Tt: butter matter根据发音规则,圈出没有发根据发音规则,圈出没有发[t]的1个单单词 1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duck 3.pocket packet cat rain[d] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合d ed d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold ed: smiled opened played根据发音规则,圈出没有发根据发音规则,圈出没有发[d]的1个单单词。
词 1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five 3.dance duck grape音标音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍•[p]: [b]: [t]: [d]:_______ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词•( ) 1. pear ship coat pig•( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage•( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet•( ) 4. seed dance hand full•( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple•( ) 6. cold find door chair •( ) 7. cloth purple pool push•( ) 8. eat fan quiet set三.写出单词或音标。
• [pændә] [kΛt] [di:p] [klaud]• apple pear rabbit read四. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词•short→_____________(衣物) sea→_________________(感官动词)•pet →______________(蔬菜) ten→___________________ (动物)Lesson 7辅音音标[k] [g] [s] [z]学习[k]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck c: cap cook cup car can class k: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck从下列单词中找出一个发从下列单词中找出一个发[sk]的单词 1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock 3. disk truck silk duck•[g]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg• g: glass golf get girl bag goat flag• gg: egg •根据发音规则,圈出发根据发音规则,圈出发[g]的单词。
单词• gas drive gum give violin bag • jeans orange log bridge guess• tank grade long language •[s]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce• s: star sun snake sea see• c: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate • ss: grass glass class boss • ce: face race rice nice•根据发音规则,圈出每组中根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发个发[s]的单单词• 1. whose juice lick student • 2. those case scarf shoes• 3. space nose science meat • 4. tears piece bus nose [z]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合z s se z: zero zebra zoo s: photos sisters beds sons se: nose rose根据发音规则,圈出每组中根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发个发[z]的单词。
单词 1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes 3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zero音标[k] [g] [s] [z]的练习•一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍•[k]: [g]: [s]: [z]:____ •二. 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来•( ) 1. car stay neck clock•( ) 2. gas give drive bag•( ) 3. sea boss rice cook•( ) 4. lick zoo rose zero•( ) 5. tears freeze desk busy•三. 写出单词或音标。
•[rais] [nәuz] [sneik] [gra:s] __________ __________ __________ ___________• [gɔlf] [gla:s] [kɔk] [ki:] __________ __________ __________ ___________• leg cake rice mouse __________ __________ __________ ___________ • nose bag get kite__________ __________ __________ ___________四. 把下列单词与音标用线连接起来。
socks ['gigl] giggle [gәust] ghost [sɔks] face [t∫i:z] cheese [feis]五. 根据翻译提示1)Daisy is the [desk] on dancing Miss. ________________________________Daisy 小姐正在桌子上跳舞2)name ['sneik] is My. ____________________________________我的名字叫做蛇3)a ['bi:] I'm busy. ____________________________________我是一只忙碌的小蜜蜂Lesson 8辅音音标辅音音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习练习[∫] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[∫]的的2个单词。
个单词 1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship 3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf•[3]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合s • s: television, usually, Asia measure,•unusual; decision;pleasure根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[3]的的2个单词• 1. shell ship garage desk • 2. truck shirt pleasure ship• 3. brush casual sheep sleep • 4. hero shape leisure shelf•[t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tch• ch: teacher peach cherry chair • tch: watch match •根据发音规则根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发找出下列单词中发[t∫]的单词,并抄下来。
• chair dumpling beach cheese • night she monkey• China church these flower egg • dream shark chick catch[d3]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage根据发音规则根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发圈出下列单词中发[d3]的单词 egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job gift gate orange drug jeans gun音标音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍 [∫]:: [3]:: [t∫]:: [d3]:: _____ 二二. 选出下列具有相同发音的单词。
选出下列具有相同发音的单词 ( )1. shell watch ship see ( ) 2. shell pleasure sick treasure ( )3. chair China Monkey dream ( )4. job gift door cabbage ( )5. grass chick start jeans三三. 写出单词或音标写出单词或音标[[d3æm]] [pi:t∫] [∫ip] [wɔ∫] __________ ___________ _________ __________ fish sheep she catch __________ __________ __________ ___________ peach chick shoes watch__________ __________ __________ ___________Lesson 9音标音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习的练习 [f]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf ff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh选出下列单词中不发选出下列单词中不发[f]的单词,写在横的单词,写在横线上。
线上 knife flower foot fish pick get photo giraffe laugh leaf •[v]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合v ve• v: video vase vest violin• ve: five love•根据发音规则根据发音规则,在不发在不发[v]的单词上打的单词上打ו violin move vote window• van volcano white woman• victory wet wave vase 摩擦辅音 /f/ /v/•fast•few•leaf•proof•safe•surf•vast•view•leave•prove•save•serveHe works hard as if he never knew fatigue.It is very difficult for us to finish it before five.[θ]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: three thin third teeth mouth thank theme thick bath breath cloth根据发音规则,圈出不发根据发音规则,圈出不发[θ]的单词。
的单词 1..father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother 3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth •[ð]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合th• th: father mother brother clothes weather than these this breathe clothe•根据发音规则,圈出每组中发根据发音规则,圈出每组中发 [ð]的的1个单个单词• 1..than sister brother three• 2. weather thank night good• 3. tie look teeth they• 4. thin father throat watch / θ / /s/•thin•thing•faith•mouth•/ ð /•breathe•clothe•seethe 沸腾•sin•sing•face•mouse•/z/•breeze•close•seize•A thousand thanks.•Cathy has three brothers.•Mr. Smith talked about this, that and the other.•There is something.•They have been there for more than three months.音标音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习的练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。
遍 [f]:: [v]:: [θ]:: [ð]::______________ 二二. 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 ( ) 1. foot knife pick fish ( ) 2. window move vote vase ( ) 3. three fan thousand thin ( ) 4. father them brother watch ( ) 5. finish van fool fat三三. 写出单词或音标。
写出单词或音标 [['brΛðә]] [keid3] [vest] [heә] [kɔk] [ti:θ] [zi:p] [la:f] five seven foot fat mouth thirty three father四四. 选出下列每题中有几种读音选出下列每题中有几种读音A.一种一种 B.二种二种 C.三种三种 D.四种四种 ( ) 1. foot room leaf vase ( ) 2. vest five like love ( ) 3. ship pea pick hike ( ) 4. thumb cut brother mother ( ) 5. they thin maths mouthLesson 10 辅音音标[辅音音标[ts]][dz] [tr] [dr]的练习的练习[ts] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes ts: seats goats coats boats cats pets eats seats roots fruits sweets shorts gifts hats sports shirts robots cents tes: gates kites dates tastes根据发音规则,找出发根据发音规则,找出发[ts]的的4个单词写在后面的横线上。
个单词写在后面的横线上 sands woods boots birds hats carrats hands beds friends rats seeds kids •[dz] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des • ds: seeds woods goods friends birds• beds foods feeds needs• reads cards• maids • des: rides, hides prides•根据发音规则,找出发根据发音规则,找出发[dz]的的5个单词写在后面个单词写在后面的横线上的横线上• coats hands cats kites • beds words pets kids • seats sands gates名词的单复数•名词的复数:名词分两种,可数名词和不可数名词。
•一般来说:专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词 bread、pork、water、money、air、paper、glass 反之就是可数名词•如果名词单独跟数词产生数量上歧义就是不可数名词,比如:Give me two pork不能表达出名词的准确数量,这就是不可数名词•可数名词的复数变化:•(1) 一般情况下加-s,在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后读[z],但在[s][z]读[iz] .如:•book-books friend-friends case-cases•(2) 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh加-es,读[iz]如:•dress-dresses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes•(3) 以-f或-fe结尾的,把f或fe变v再加-es,读作[vz],如:•leaf-leaves life-lives knife-knives•但也有例外情况:roof-roofs chief-chiefs gulf-gulfs serf-serfs belief-beliefs proof-proofs•(4) 以“辅音+y”结尾的,把y变i再加es,读[iz],但“元音+y”只加s,如:•factory-factories boy-boys•(5) 有些以“辅音+o”结尾的加es,常用的单词只有四个:•Negro-Negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes•(黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)•(6) 不规则变化:•1)特殊变化:•foot-feet mouse-mice child-children man-men woman-women•2)单复数相同:•a sheep-two sheep a fish- two fish•3)只有复数•glasses 眼镜;compasses 圆规 goods 货物 trousers 裤子•4)复数常用:常使用复数,如果使用单数表示其中之一。
•matches 火柴 shoes 鞋子 twins 双胞胎 parents 父母•5)当表示“某国人”的名词,以-ese或-ss结尾的,通常单复数相同,但一般情况下加-s•Chinese-Chinese American-AmericansExercises•1. oranges 2、classes 3、texts •4、monkeys 5、pianos 6. child children •7、shelf shelves 8、beds 9.country countries •10、family families 11、toys 12、foot feet •13、Japanese 14、radios 15、photos •16、army armies 17、tomatoes 18、foxes •19、woman women 20、knife knives 21、sheep •1.chair(chairs) ring (rings) river (rivers)•table (tables) eye (eyes); lesson (lessons);•Father (fathers); friend (friends); book (books)•star (stars) ball (balls); song (songs); meeting (meetings)•2.watch(watches); class (classes); •box (boxes); match (matches); fox (foxes); •bus (buses); glass (glasses); •3.toy (toys); monkey (monkeys) •baby (babies); lady (ladies); family (families)• factory (factories) city (cities); •4.man(men);woman(women);child(children)•fish (fish); sheep (sheep); ox (oxen);•mouse (mice); foot (feet); •goose (geese) .tooth (teeth); deer (deer);•5.hero(heroes);potato(potatoes); tomato (tomatoes) •zoo (zoos); radio (radios); photo (photos); •6.belief(beliefs);•half (halves) knife (knives) life (lives)Review•1. bus 2. fox 3. boy 4. days •5. cups 6. zoos 7. trees 8. deer •9. fish 10.cities 11.leaves 12. lives •13. milk 14. foot 15. horse 16. mouse •17. tooth 18. woman 19. broom 20. juice •21. water 22. people 23. branch•24. families 25. oxen 26. countries•1. comedy 2. action 3. movie 4. life •5. knife 6. fry 7. leaf 8. photo •9. radio 10. piano 11. coffee 12. tomato •13. potato 14. bus 15. watch 16. tea •17. book 18. map 19. rain 20. film •21. air 22. month 23. picture 24. class •25. toy 26. tooth 27. doctor 28. eye •29. foot 30. German 31. Chinese 32. bag •33. football 34. child 35. classroom •36. monkey 37. head 38. egg •39. coat 40. Frenchman•[tr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合tr• tr: tree truck trousers trick • train try treat track trip • trouble tradition traffic • travel trade •根据发音规则,找出没有发根据发音规则,找出没有发[tr]的的3个单词写在个单词写在后面的横线上。
后面的横线上• seats truck train trash • tractor drink street drug • trousers•[dr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合dr• dr: draw drink driver drive dragon • dry dream drug drag drap 织物织物• drop dress dressing drain•根据发音规则,找出每组中发根据发音规则,找出每组中发[dr]的的2个单词写在后面个单词写在后面的横线上的横线上• 1. dream duck dress rain • 2. rat drain drug door • 3. tree treasure drawer drink • 4. truck dragon dish drum •Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.•麻烦不找你,就别自找麻烦。
一一. 抄写音标,一个抄写抄写音标,一个抄写5遍 [[ts]:]: [dz]:: [tr]:: [dr]::______________ 二二. 选出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词选出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词 ( ) ( ) 1. dream shoes drink popcorn ( ) ( ) 2. truck thirsty bath trash ( ) ( ) 3. beds pets words gates ( ) ( ) 4. birds boots rats friends ( ) ( ) 5.drug drain rain dish三三. 写出单词或音标。
写出单词或音标 [['draivә]] [train] [wuds] [kaits] [træ∫] [drɔ:] [gәuts] [‘frendz] hats its hands shirts beds birds heads tree dress try cats carrots四四. 把下列单词和音标用线连起来把下列单词和音标用线连起来 [kәuts]] trousers [si:dz] coats [træ∫] seeds ['draivә] trash [trauzәz] driver音标[音标[ts]][dz] [tr] [dr]的练习的练习• [I] i y e a u ey ay ie ai•词首in ill is if ink it income indoor inside interest•词中bill women visit wish seive village ship mist busy•词尾city history Sunday pretty taxi sleepy icy monkey •[p] •词首pen price person pole post page park please •proud •词中•happen appeal example computer open operation surprise chapter•词尾•stop step hope tape rope cheap slip sleep help 、•wipe tip •[b]•词首•bit big bad black back basis bag block best business box•词中table about robber lobby cabin habit rubber mobile•词尾web job cab lab crab globe sob tube • [t ] •词首tea talk time tooth tomato take town teacher type•词中item Peter fatal butter bitter kitty button better•词尾at it best cost next paint debt but fit bit boat • • [d]•词首dad day dog deep doom dance done double delight•词中reader garden building murder Monday radio president•词尾did ride read bad good hard child avoid bond red•[e] a e ea ei ie •词首•egg end every essay anyway edge•词中•well beg get dead men tell leisure friend•词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[æ] a•词首•as at ash apple action angry accent Africa•词中•cat mad back plan than catch habit marry•词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[k] k c ck q x •词首catch keep close quit cope care queen kitchen kiss quite•词中•baker secret equal biscuit expense tax •词尾milk back desk duck take pick task seek thank joke •[g]•词首Girl gas gate give gold guide goose guest glad grass •词中•again sugar degree figure angry example examine•词尾•Big bag dog leg flag hug dig frog• [ f ] f ff gh ph•词首•face fell fall fear free food flower funny family •词中• office define coffee sofa careful affair prefer •词尾if off half leaf chief wife enough cough laugh knife• [v]•词首•Very vine vegetable visa volume •词中Never even avoid level eleven driving savings ever •government•词尾Love move eve have alive brave serve wave •twelve deserveLesson 11辅音音标辅音音标[h][r][l][m]的练习的练习[h]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合h wh h: he her head heart hair have hill happen high hi hello happy hold house home housewife wh: who whose whole 根据发音规则,根据发音规则, 把下列单词中不发把下列单词中不发[h]的找出来。
的找出来 1. ham hat white ( ) 2. horse whale who ( ) 3. wheat hole hair ( )•[r] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wr• r: rice room ride red road rose bread run rich right Roman romantic river rob • rr: mirror carrot parrot • wr: write wrong wrap•根据发音规则,选出发根据发音规则,选出发[r]的单词,打的单词,打√• 1. bread driver wrong rain worker• 2. river father robot rope sister• 3. write fruit rabbit crown drum•[l] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll• l: look light lock lucky lion tail fail love little letter last let • ll: ball pull dollar tell•根据发音规则,选出每组中不发根据发音规则,选出每组中不发[l]的单词。
的单词• 1. lamp nail flag woman • 2. yellow fruit lion lychee • 3. grape bull laugh lake • 4. dumpling moon wheel whale•[m] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合m mb • m: mouth mouse milk monkey moon• money mum• mb: climb thumb•音标音标音标音标[ [h][r][l][mh][r][l][m] ]的练习的练习的练习的练习三三三三. . 把下列单词用线连接起来把下列单词用线连接起来把下列单词用线连接起来把下列单词用线连接起来• • parrotparrot[′ [′pærpærә әt t] ] • • heart heart[ [l lɔ ɔk k] ]• • lock lock[ [ha:tha:t] ]• • dollar dollar[ [klaimklaim] ]• • climb climb[′d [′d ɔ ɔl lә ә] ] 四四四四. . 读下列单词,选出发读下列单词,选出发读下列单词,选出发读下列单词,选出发[r][r]音的单词,并写在下面的横线上。
音的单词,并写在下面的横线上音的单词,并写在下面的横线上音的单词,并写在下面的横线上• • white hair wrong drum father lion rabbit white hair wrong drum father lion rabbit laughlaugh• • whale whale rope rainrope rain drive drivecombcombmirrormirror swim swim 五五五五. . 将下列单词连成句子,并将音标部分写成单词将下列单词连成句子,并将音标部分写成单词将下列单词连成句子,并将音标部分写成单词将下列单词连成句子,并将音标部分写成单词• • (1) hear [(1) hear [rivrivә ә] I can the ] I can the • • (2) Lilly to and (2) Lilly to and langhlangh little [ little [kraikrai] loves] loves •[ɑ:] a ar er au al ear•词首are art aunt army argue article ask after artful•词中fast calm heart large class father last march dance•词尾car star far bar jar • [ ɔ:] ar oar oor ore our al au aw oa ou ough•词首•all awe always author awful automobile•词中•ball thought warm daughter blackboard broad border•词尾•core door pour soar floor law raw saw •[ɔ ] o a ou ow •词首•odd ox on off obvious Oscar option offer often•词中•job cough knowledge wash doctor what watch•词尾•英语中这个音不出现在词尾• [s ]•词首•See say stay slow cease science sign school •词中•ask task last fast past must essay consider excellent •词尾•tax fix class race pass six goose famous miss chess • [ z]•词首 zoo zip zero zone zinc•词中•busy crazy pleasant cousin wisdom Tuesday•词尾as is has raise news pose pause choose refuse lose• [ θ] th•词首think thing thirst thin thank three thought theatre theme thick•词中•either author something healthy birthday truthful •词尾•faith mouth smooth bath health math breath myth• • [ ð ] th•词首•the they there though than their this those that •词中either mother father another further rather brother weather clothing•词尾•with breathe bathe clothe• [ʌ] u o oo ou •词首other utter uncle umbrella ugly onion understand•词中love flood just luck cover touch trust rough won•词尾•英语中这个音不出现在词尾• [ɜ: ] ear er ir or ur yr•词首•earn early earth earnest urban earning earthly•词中•work hurt bird world person dirty purse term •词尾•her sir stir refer prefer occur fur •[ә ] a o u e ea io er or ar •词首•ago about again alone upon along abandon attractive•词中happen listen nation forget together distance ocean seldom German•词尾•teacher worker doctor sugar sailor waiter water never China• [h ]•词首•he his has hurt home house horse who human help•词中•ahead uphill unhappy childhood lighthouse•词尾 英语中这个音不出现在词尾 • [ l ]•词首•low look lead leather litter like ladder lunch•词中•dealer really salary alive feeling milk flood slow•词尾•full girl middle useful apple little• [ r] •词首•read red really right write wrong rain rise run•词中•crime arrive around very mirror arrow cry pride bread narrow•词尾 在英式英语中,单词末尾的r或re 不发音。
Lesson 12音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习[n]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合n kn gn•n: nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down•kn: knee knife knock •gn: sign 根据发音规则,找出发根据发音规则,找出发[n]的单词并抄下来的单词并抄下来•1. mirror wheel yes knock •2. mall hen laugh nut •3. earrings plane wing bread [η]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合n ng•n: ink bank tank finger•ng: sing hang song king reading• running •根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出2个发个发[η]的的单词。
单词•1..net ring finger meat •2. tennis mouth song swing •3. dumpling wing run nail •4. hang swim ink note[w]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合•w: winter window watch water well would •wh: white where which when what why wheel whale根据发音规则,选出每组中不发根据发音规则,选出每组中不发[w]音的音的1个单词•1. wood write wheel which•2. wheat snow wet woman•3. white window now why•4. whale water watch row [j]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合y•y: yo-yo yogurt yard yes yesman you your yellow year yesterday young 根据发音规则,找出发根据发音规则,找出发[j]的单词写在下的单词写在下面横线上。
面横线上•cry you your sky yellow lorry •money jelly toy boy yogurt soy•where there is a will, there is a way.•有志者,事竟成•you still look young, year after year.•一年一年过去了,你看起来还那么年轻音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍 [n]: [η]: [w]: [j]: ___________ 二. 写出单词或音标 [nais] [wɔt∫] [wɔ:tә] [bæηk] [riη] [ja:d] [jip] [net] bank think nose rain swing king wet where what yard yes your三. 把下列单词用线连起来。
knee [hæη] hang [ni:] yolk [jәuk] whale [iηk] ink [weil]四. 在下列单词中找出发[n]音的单词并抄下来 knock bread mirror bank nut ink plane neck row sky noodle nose boys cry water knee park he五. 看图,根据下列所给音标填单词 [′mΛðә] [fæn] [maus] [pi:t∫] ________ __________ __________ ___________• [u: ] o oo ou u ue oe ui ew•词首 •ooze 充满 oodles 大量很多 •词中•cool moon choose tomb improve rumor music group fruit through•词尾•blue flew shoe do too grew chew bamboo glue• •[ u] u o oo ou•词首•英语中这个音不出现在词首•词中•classroom look good woman wood put could pudding understood•词尾•除to的弱读形式[ tu ]外,英语中这个音不出现在词尾• [m]•词首•man my may maybe many member memory mother•词中•Amy Emily enemy immigrant•词尾•am time jam come room dream home swim film •[n]•词首•no none not know now neighbour narrow•词中•manner island honor wonder honey business kindness•词尾•person can fan season kitchen sudden eaten moon •[ŋ]•词首这个音一般不出现在词首词中•drink angry banker finger English pink language•词尾sing ring wing long thing song morning evening•[ei] a ai ay ea ei•词首•age ate aim eighty ache aid April agent able•词中•late great weight main cake plate save •词尾•say day gray weigh lay spray tray hay pay may • •[әu] o ow oa uo oe ough•词首•old own owe oath oak open over ocean odor• 词中•wrote quote loaf polar float phone bold motion moment hotel•词尾•so toe row flow echo sow tomato window gold•[ai] i y ai ei eye igh ye ie uy •词首•I eye idea island eyesight idle icon ivory ice•词中•like fight mind light wine wild knife crisis arrive•词尾•fly lie spy tie buy try high dry cry pie my why[ʃ] 词首she shop shut shy sure shape show shoulder sheep词中fishing machine conscious motion action special sunshine词尾fish dish wash ash push rush finish cash wish [ʒ] 词首英语中这个音一般不出现在词首词中illusion vision decision usual explosion measure pleasure词尾garage prestige• [tʃ]•词首•chain chess check chairman cheap Charles chuck cheese•词中•nature teacher feature capture kitchen•词尾•catch watch coach beach march church lunch •[dʒ] •词首• jam just just jewel join jump general•词中•danger soldier object urgent fragile vegetable imagine•词尾•page large orange edge judge image language villageLesson 13语音的基本常识语音的基本常识 1、音节的划分、音节的划分 一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。
一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节2、重读音节、重读音节 任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中,有重读音节和非重读音节任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中,有重读音节和非重读音节 ,哪一个音节重读,该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读,哪一个音节重读,该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号符号“'”3、浊化音、浊化音 以以sp__, st___, sk___开头的单词中,清辅音开头的单词中,清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/分别要发分别要发浊辅音浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/4、定冠词、定冠词the的读音的读音 e.g. the man c.f. the old man2. 单词重音单词重音 (Word stress): (Word stress): 在英语单词中,在英语单词中,有一个音节的叫单音节词有一个音节的叫单音节词, , 有两个音节的有两个音节的叫双音节词叫双音节词, , 有三个和三个以上音节的叫有三个和三个以上音节的叫多音节词一般来说多音节词一般来说, , 单音节和双音节词单音节和双音节词只有一个音节是重读的只有一个音节是重读的, , 叫做重读音节叫做重读音节(个别的也有两个都重读的(个别的也有两个都重读的, , 如:如: re re tell, tell, re re writewrite) )。
重重音音符符号号是是个个直直撇撇, ,位位置置在在重重读读音音节节的的左左上上方方多多音音节节词词中中往往往往有有次次重重读读音音节节(secondary (secondary stress),stress),次次重重音音符符号号是是一一个个从从下下往往上上挑挑的的直直撇撇, ,位置在次重读音节的左下方,位置在次重读音节的左下方,如:如:‚converconver sationsation 掌握好单词重音的意义在于它不仅涉及掌握好单词重音的意义在于它不仅涉及单词读音的正确与否,而且关系到词性单词读音的正确与否,而且关系到词性的问题,也就是说,单词重音对于单词的问题,也就是说,单词重音对于单词来说,有它的辨音和辨义作用,例如:来说,有它的辨音和辨义作用,例如:有些词属于名词或形容词词性时,它的有些词属于名词或形容词词性时,它的重音往往在前缀上重音往往在前缀上, , 而当这些词属于动词而当这些词属于动词词性时词性时, , 它的重音却往往在词根上它的重音却往往在词根上, , 而且而且不仅重音的位置不同不仅重音的位置不同, , 有些元音字母的读有些元音字母的读音也会有相应的变化,音也会有相应的变化, 如:如: export n. . 输出品;出口商品输出品;出口商品 ex port v. 输出;运走;输出;运走; object n. .物体;对象物体;对象; ;目的目的; ;宾语宾语 ob ject v. 反对反对; 抗议;抗议; produce n. 产品;产量;产品;产量; pro duce v.生生 产产 ;; 产产 生生 ;; 提提 出出 ;; record n. 记录;唱片;录音记录;唱片;录音 re cord v. 记录;进行录音记录;进行录音 present n. 礼物礼物 pre sent v. 呈现;介绍;提出。
呈现;介绍;提出 由此可见,掌握好单词重音对于单词由此可见,掌握好单词重音对于单词的正确读音有重要意义的正确读音有重要意义 5、不完全爆破、不完全爆破 爆破音爆破音[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] 后面紧跟另一个后面紧跟另一个爆破音时,前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍,爆破音时,前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍,而不能完全读出而不能完全读出 e.g. basketball 6、连读、连读 在一个短语或句子中,如果相邻两词的关系相等在一个短语或句子中,如果相邻两词的关系相等密切,而前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,密切,而前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,辅音和元素连在一起读辅音和元素连在一起读7、意群的停顿、意群的停顿 对于一个较长的句子,可以根据意思和结构将其分对于一个较长的句子,可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完一个意群必须一口气说完B. 连读连读 (Liaison)::在连贯的语流中,前一个词的尾辅音在连贯的语流中,前一个词的尾辅音和后面紧跟的词的词首是元音时,就和后面紧跟的词的词首是元音时,就自然地拼在一起读,这称之为连读自然地拼在一起读,这称之为连读,如:如:a lot of, one o f us, most o f us, all o f us, look a t it, a map of China, an exercise-book, half a n hour Can you speak English or French?在以字母在以字母r r(或(或rere))结尾的词中,结尾的词中,r r((或或rere))一般是不发音的。
但如果后面的词一般是不发音的但如果后面的词的词首是元音时的词首是元音时, r, r(或(或rere))就发就发/r/ /r/ 音,音,并与后面词的词首元音连读,如:并与后面词的词首元音连读,如:a pair of shoes, for a long time Where(r)is he? There (r)i s a book on the desk.连读是连贯的、较快的语流中一种自然连读是连贯的、较快的语流中一种自然产生的现象产生的现象, , 不要故意为连读而连读不要故意为连读而连读有时连句子本身都还读得不太流利却故有时连句子本身都还读得不太流利却故意连读意连读, , 反而影响了语流的流畅反而影响了语流的流畅, , 甚至混甚至混淆了意思或让人家根本听不懂你说的是淆了意思或让人家根本听不懂你说的是什么例如:什么例如:Try it over and over again.Try it over and over again.C. C. 不完全爆破不完全爆破 (Incomplete (Incomplete plosionplosion) ) 在在英英语语中中,,/ / p p /, /, / / b b /, /, / / t t /, /, / / d d /, /, / k /, /ɡ// k /, /ɡ/ 是爆破音。
爆破音在某些情况下不发是爆破音爆破音在某些情况下不发生爆破,而仅是在口腔中形成阻碍生爆破,而仅是在口腔中形成阻碍在有不完全爆破音的句子或词中乍听在有不完全爆破音的句子或词中乍听起来好像爆破音都吃掉了起来好像爆破音都吃掉了, , 而实际上而实际上在发不完全爆破音时,口腔部位完全在发不完全爆破音时,口腔部位完全和发爆破音时相同,只是不送气而停和发爆破音时相同,只是不送气而停顿一下在以下几种情况下发生不完顿一下在以下几种情况下发生不完全爆破:全爆破:(A) 爆爆破破音音/ / p p / / , , / / b b /, /, / / t t /, /, / / d d /, / k /, /ɡ/ /, / k /, /ɡ/ (B)(B)相邻时相邻时, , 前面一个发不完全爆破音前面一个发不完全爆破音, ,(C)如: a(c)tor, ne(ck)tie, bla(ck)board (D) Si(t) down. I can’(t) come. (E)I don’(t) believe he is a ba(d) boy. 等• [au] ou ow•词首•Our owl ounce outfit outside outdoors outing•词中house sound mouse south crowd flower powder mountain•词尾•now bow sow cow how allow eyebrow wow• [ɔi] oi oy •词首•oil oilskin oyster牡蛎 ointment 药膏•词中•soil boil coin join toilet poison choice spoil•词尾•soy boy joy toy enjoy annoy employ •[ts ] 这个音一般出现在词尾•词尾students goats coats guests flights reports nights rights hearts hits projects waits eats gets meets •[dz ] 这个音一般出现在词尾•词尾sands funds cards aids records standards goods hands seeds beads heads holds finds thousands feeds adds•[tr] •词首tree train try treat truck truth trade trace trick trip true•词中•attractive country entry street restrict actress•词尾•英语中这个音不出现在词尾 •[dr ]•词首•dress dream drive drain drink dragon draw drama•词中•hundred address Madrid withdraw•词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[iә] ea eir ear eer ere eu io iou•词首•ear eardrop earphone era earring•词中serious realize weird curious experience museum idiot clearly•词尾•idea here hear mere beer clear appear cheer tear •[εә ] a air ar ae are ear ere•词首•air airbus aeroplane aircraft area •词中•fairly rarely rareness parent chairman careful vary•词尾care where share compare pair chair square prepare rare bear• [ j ]•词首yes year you young yellow use yell yogurt Yale 词中•suit news loyal beauty union due refuse •词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾 •[w]•词首we white why west whether woman one which whisper worry•词中always twin quite request swim twice anyway swallow•词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾 c /k/ cap cat care case class /s/ centre city cinema civil cycle bicycle /ʃ/ ocean social special ch /k/ chemistry character / ʃ / machine /tʃ / choose choice each lunch much such .! d /d/ degree include trade introduce dark /dʒ / soldier g /g/ give gold gun gate guide beg / dʒ / age general gentle large s /s/ send since loose against least /z/ is as cause noise please praise goes plays says houses knives / ʃ / sure sugar Asia / 3 / measure usual pleasure treasure ss /s/ miss pass across /z/ dessert / ʃ / pressure permission t / ʃ / nation action / tʃ / feature future gesture picture lecture nature question 。












