高中英语 Module 4 Great Scientists Period One Introduction,Reading and Vocabulary课件 外研版必修4.ppt

Famous women scientistsModule 4 Great Scientists•Throughout history，many women scientists have made great achievements in the subjects of mathematics，health，astronomy and chemistry as well as many others.Here are some famous women scientists who made huge advancements in their respective fields.•Trotula of Salerno•①One of the earliest known female scientists was a physician known as Trotula of Salerno.Known for teaching men about women's health，the books she wrote were used by physicians for hundreds of years，the most notable of which was The Diseases of Women.Trotula suggested that in addition to women，men suffered from fertility(生育能力) issues，a theory that at the time，was considered controversial.She also promoted the use of opiates(麻醉剂) during childbirth to reduce the pain of labor，an idea that went against the church's belief that women should suffer the pain of childbirth without medication.Trotula was an important figure in the understanding of women's health.•Marie Curie•Marie Curie is a well­known name among society and one of the most famous women scientists.She lived from 1867 to 1934 in Poland and France and attended the Sorbonne where she received a chemist's license in physics and mathematical sciences.Curie，along with her husband Pierre，is most famous for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium.She won a Nobel Prize for this.②Furthermore，Curie made a discovery which paved the way for cancer therapy(治疗)．•Rachel Carson•Rachel Carson was born in 1907 and died in 1964.③Carson was an important environmentalist who was largely responsible for making society aware of the effects of DDT on crops and water systems.She was one of the Top Twenty Most Influential Scientists and Thinkers for the Twentieth Century.Her books still sell well worldwide.•Rachel Zimmerman•Rachel Zimmerman from Ontario，Canada is the inventor of the Blissymbol Printer，a device that allows non­speaking people like cerebral palsy(大脑性麻痹)，to communicate.The program user points to various symbols on a main page board with a special pad.When the user touches the symbols，the Blissymbol Printer translates them into a written language and the user can then communicate via e­mail.This amazing invention is providing non­speaking people with a voice of their own.•1．佳句仿写•①爸爸送给我许多书作为生日礼物，这些书大部分都是最• 近出版的。

名词短语＋of which引导定语从句)• ________________________________________________•②经过多年的艰苦工作，他们发现了那种发出蓝光的物• 体which引导定语从句，作主语)• ________________________________________________•③老师让我们每天写一篇作文make后接动词原形做宾补)• __________________________________________________•答案　①Dad gave me many books as my birthday presents，most of which were published recently.•②After years' hard work，they found the subject which gave out blue light.•③The teacher made us write a composition every day.•2．翻译佳句，放眼高考She also promoted the use of opiates(麻醉剂麻醉剂) during childbirth to reduce the pain of labor，，an idea that went against the church's belief that women should suffer the pain of childbirth without medication.____________________________________________________________________________________________________答案答案　她还提倡在生小孩时使用麻醉剂以减轻分娩的疼痛，　她还提倡在生小孩时使用麻醉剂以减轻分娩的疼痛，这与当时教会所信奉的妇女不应使用药物而是要承受生小这与当时教会所信奉的妇女不应使用药物而是要承受生小孩的痛苦的观点是相违背的。

孩的痛苦的观点是相违背的•Ⅰ.单词识记•1．________ n．生物学•2．________adj.主要的；重要的•3．________vt.教育•4．________n．(动物或植物的)种•5．________adj.原来的；最初的•6．________n．产量•7．________vt.出口Module 4 Great Scientists Period One Introduction,Reading and Vocabulary 课件（外研版必修课件（外研版必修4，课标通用），课标通用）•8．________n．数量•9．figure n．________•10．agriculture n．________•11．yield n．________•12．convert vt.________•13．replace vt.________•14．quality n．________•15．hybrid n．________•答案　1.biology　2.staple　3.educate　4.species　5.original　6.production　7.export　8.quantity　9.人物　10.农业　11.产量　12.改变；转换　13.取代；以……代替•14．质量　15.杂交种•Ⅱ.短语天地•1．________抚养；养育；教育•2．________由于……原因•3．the structure of substances________•4．the key to doing sth________•5．search for________•答案　1.bring up　2.as a result of　3.物质结构•4．做……的方法　5.寻找；搜索•Ⅲ.句型搜索•1．He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher • he began experiments in crop breeding.[信息提取信息提取]　句中　句中as用作介词，意为用作介词，意为“作为作为”，引导介词短，引导介词短语作状语。

语作状语[例句仿写例句仿写]　作为新手，我不得不比别人更加努力地工作　作为新手，我不得不比别人更加努力地工作I have to work harder than others.答案答案　　As a freshman•2．He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.[信息提取信息提取]　句中　句中way后接动词不定式作后置定语；后接动词不定式作后置定语；way作作“方式；方法方式；方法”讲时，其后还可接讲时，其后还可接of短语和定语从句作定语短语和定语从句作定语[例句仿写例句仿写]　对不起，但恐怕我没有别的办法帮你　对不起，但恐怕我没有别的办法帮你I'm sorry.But I'm afraid there is ____________________.答案答案　　no other way to help you•3．As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice • production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's.[信息提取信息提取]　句中　句中as a result of意为意为“作为．作为．.....的结果的结果”，，引导结果状语。

引导结果状语[例句仿写例句仿写]　由于她的粗心，我们不得不从头再来　由于她的粗心，我们不得不从头再来we had to do from the very beginning.答案答案　　As a result of her carelessness•Ⅳ.预读理解•1．Why was Yuan given the nickname“the student who • asks questions？”A．．Because he was stupid.B．．Because he did not learn well in the class.C．．Because he was curious about the lessons and wanted to learn more.D．．Because he learned more questions.•2．When did he begin experiments in crop breeding?A．．When he was in college.B．．When he was a young teacher.C．．When he was supported by the government.D．．In 1970.3．．How could he manage to produce more rice quickly?A．．By crossing different species of rice plant.B．．By planting more rice.C．．By bringing in rice from other countries.D．．By doing more experiments.•4．Which reason is not TRUE for Yuan's success?A．．Researchers were brought in from all over China to help him.B．．He was supported by the government.C．．Yuan worked very hard.D．．He wanted to get more money from the experiments.5．．What is the advantage of Yuan's discovery?A．．Chinese rice production rose by 45.7 percent.B．．Many rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.C．．Both A and B.D．．It is not mentioned in the text.答案答案　　1.C　　2.B　　3.A　　4.D　　5.B•1．producer n．[C]生产者；制造者The firm is Britain's main producer of electronic equipment.该公司为英国主要的电子设备制造厂家。

该公司为英国主要的电子设备制造厂家The producers of the radios could not find a market for them.这些收音机制造厂产品打不开销路这些收音机制造厂产品打不开销路•【归纳拓展】(1)produce n．产品；农产品；．产品；农产品；v.生产，出产；创作；制造生产，出产；创作；制造product n．产品，制品，结果．产品，制品，结果production n．生产；产量．生产；产量(2)辨析：辨析：produce/product/productionproduce作名词指农产品，如牛奶、土豆、羊毛等作名词指农产品，如牛奶、土豆、羊毛等product多指工业产品多指工业产品production指生产或产量指生产或产量•用produce，product，production的适当形式填空•①A________with a strong brand name is very important • for good sales.•②The________of consumer goods has increased • throughout the world.•③As we all know，Canada________high­quality wheat.•答案　①product　②production　③produces•2．leading adj.领导的，指导的，主要的She was one of the leading writers of her day.她是那个时代最重要的作家之一。

她是那个时代最重要的作家之一leading positions领导职务领导职务the leading members of the committee委员会的主要成员委员会的主要成员•【归纳拓展】lead v．领导，率领，指挥；．领导，率领，指挥；n.领导；领先地位领导；领先地位[U]play a leading role in sth在某事中起主要作用在某事中起主要作用lead the way带路；示范带路；示范lead to通到；导致通到；导致This road leads to the hotel.这条路通到旅馆这条路通到旅馆Smoking can lead to lung cancer.抽烟可能导致肺癌抽烟可能导致肺癌•【完成句子】•①他对问题的解决起主要作用• He________________in solving the problem.•②他带领我们进了场地• He________the grounds.•答案　①played a leading part　②led us into•3．figure(1)n.图形，数字，形状；人物，外形，体形图形，数字，形状；人物，外形，体形I saw a figure in the darkness.我看到暗处有一个人影。

我看到暗处有一个人影 She has an attractive figure.她有迷人的身材她有迷人的身材 He has become a figure known to everyone.他已成了一个知名人物他已成了一个知名人物Where did you get those figures?你从哪儿得到那些数字的？你从哪儿得到那些数字的？(2)v.演算，认为演算，认为Please help me to figure out my income tax.请帮我算一下我的所得税请帮我算一下我的所得税•【归纳拓展】figure out算出；了解算出；了解figure on计划，指望计划，指望【【单项填空单项填空】】The present situation is very complex，，so I think it will take me some time to________its reality.A．．make upB．．figure outC．．look through　　D．．put off解解析析　　句句意意：：目目前前的的形形势势非非常常复复杂杂，，因因此此我我认认为为要要花花费费我我一一段段时时间间来来弄弄清清楚楚它它的的实实际际情情况况。

make up““组组成成，，化化妆妆；；编编造造””；；figure out““理理解解；；弄弄清清楚楚””；；look through““浏浏览览””；；put off ““推迟推迟””答案　答案　B•4．species n．(单复同形)物种，种类We should do our best to save endangered species.我们应该竭尽全力挽救濒于灭绝的生物我们应该竭尽全力挽救濒于灭绝的生物a species of animal一种动物一种动物【【归纳拓展归纳拓展】】单复数同形的名词还有：单复数同形的名词还有：sheep绵羊　绵羊　deer鹿　鹿　Chinese中国人　中国人　Japanese日本人　日本人　works工厂　工厂　series系列　系列　remains剩余物，遗物　剩余物，遗物　means方法，手段方法，手段•【翻译句子】•①每种可能的办法都已试过了• ________________________________________________•②这家化工厂已关闭• ________________________________________________•答案　①Every possible means has been tried.•②This chemical works is closed.•5．breakthrough n．突破Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the kidney transplan?外科医生们在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。

外科医生们在肾移植方面取得了重大突破归纳拓展归纳拓展】】make a breakthrough取得重大突破取得重大突破break through突破，突围；克服，战胜突破，突围；克服，战胜【【翻译句子翻译句子】】他们在基因学方面取得重大突破他们在基因学方面取得重大突破答案答案　　They made a great breakthrough in genetics.•6．support (1)v.支持；支撑；资助；维持；供养；养活支持；支撑；资助；维持；供养；养活These posts support the roof.这些柱子支撑着房顶这些柱子支撑着房顶She supports her husband on the money she earns from teaching.她用教书挣的钱资助丈夫她用教书挣的钱资助丈夫He has a large family to support.他要抚养一大家人他要抚养一大家人2)n.[U]支持；拥护；供养支持；拥护；供养We need your support.我们需要你们的支持我们需要你们的支持•【归纳拓展】(1)support sb in sth在在……方面支持某人方面支持某人support a proposal/ban/reform拥护一项提议拥护一项提议/禁令禁令/改革改革support one's family养家糊口养家糊口(2)Come to one's support来支持某人来支持某人in support of...支持支持……•【翻译句子】•①你支持哪个足球队？• ________________________________________________•②为了支持你我写了一篇文章。

• ________________________________________________•答案　①Which football team do you support?•②I wrote an article in support of you.•7．export(1)vt.& vi.输出；出口；传播输出；出口；传播India exports tea and cotton to many countries.印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花2)n.输出；出口；输出品；出口物输出；出口；输出品；出口物Wool is one of the chief exports of Australia.羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口货物之一羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口货物之一归纳拓展归纳拓展】】exportation n．输出；出口．输出；出口import vt.& n．进口；输入．进口；输入•【翻译句子】•中国向许多其他国家和地区出口货物•__________________________________________________•答案　China exports goods to many other countries and regions.•8．replace v．把……放回；以……代替；取代；归还She replaced the receiver.她将听筒放了回去。

她将听筒放了回去 Electric lights have replaced candles.电灯已经取代了蜡烛电灯已经取代了蜡烛I will replace the cup I broke with a new one.我愿用一个新杯子赔偿我打碎的我愿用一个新杯子赔偿我打碎的归纳拓展归纳拓展】】replace...with/by．．..用用……代替代替/替换替换……replace sb＝＝in sb's place＝＝take sb's place＝＝take the place of sb＝＝in place of sb代替某人代替某人•【翻译句子】•他代替我出席了会议•__________________________________________________•答案　He replaced me to attend the meeting./He attended the meeting in place of me.•1．bring up培养，养育；呕吐；提出She was well brought up.她受过良好的教育她受过良好的教育I was brought up by my aunt.我是由姑姑养大的。

我是由姑姑养大的Martin brought up what he ate in the morning.马丁把早上吃的东西都吐了出来马丁把早上吃的东西都吐了出来Please bring up your plan at the meeting.请在会上提出你的计划请在会上提出你的计划•【归纳拓展】bring about使发生，导致使发生，导致bring in提出；引入；赚钱提出；引入；赚钱bring forward提出提出bring out阐明；使显现；出版阐明；使显现；出版bring back使想起；把使想起；把……带回带回bring down使减少；降低；击败使减少；降低；击败•【单项填空】•①This is the place where the writer was born and_______．A．．brought out B．．grown upC．．raising D．．brought up解析解析　句意：这是这位作家出生和　句意：这是这位作家出生和(被抚养被抚养)长大的地方长大的地方bring up养育；养育；bring out阐明，出版；阐明，出版；grow up长大；长大；raise举起，饲养。

根据句意可知应选举起，饲养根据句意可知应选D答案答案　　D•②Practising Chinese kung fu can not only________one's • strength，but also develop one's character.A．．bring up B．．take upC．．build up D．．pull up解析解析　句意：练习中国功夫不仅能够增强人的体质，而且　句意：练习中国功夫不仅能够增强人的体质，而且还能培养人的性格还能培养人的性格bring up抚养，呕吐；抚养，呕吐；take up占去，占去，拿去；拿去；build up增强；增强；pull up停车答案答案　　C•2．as a result of由于……的结果He had to stay at home as a result of a headache.由于头疼，他不得不待在家里由于头疼，他不得不待在家里归纳拓展归纳拓展】】(1)as a result因此，结果因此，结果without result毫无结果毫无结果result in导致，造成导致，造成……后果后果result from由由……引起，因引起，因……产生产生(2)as a result of/as a result①①as a result of是一个介词短语，意为是一个介词短语，意为“由于，因为由于，因为”，后，后面通常接名词或动名词。

面通常接名词或动名词We had to put off the camping as a result of the heavy rain.因为这场大雨，我们只好把野营推迟了因为这场大雨，我们只好把野营推迟了②②as a result是一个副词短语，意为是一个副词短语，意为“因此，结果因此，结果”，后面，后面通常接句子通常接句子It doesn't often rain in the summer here.As a result，，we have to water the vegetable garden.这儿的夏天不常下雨，因此我们不得不给菜园浇水这儿的夏天不常下雨，因此我们不得不给菜园浇水•【单项填空】•用result相关短语的适当形式填空•①Hard work will ________ success.•②Over the past decades，sea ice has decreased in the Arctic ________ global warming.•③He didn't work hard; ________，he failed his exam.•④Her blindness of both eyes ________ a traffic accident.•答案　①result in　②as a result of　③as a result　④resulted from•3．search for寻找；搜寻Many people were sent out to search for the lost boy.派出了很多人去寻找那个失踪的男孩。

派出了很多人去寻找那个失踪的男孩Hundreds of policemen searched Mount Tai for the three tigers.几百名警察搜索泰山，寻找那三只老虎几百名警察搜索泰山，寻找那三只老虎归纳拓展归纳拓展】】search for sb/sth寻找某人寻找某人/某物某物search sb/sp.搜查某人搜查某人/某地某地search after寻找；追求寻找；追求search one's memory苦思良久苦思良久in search of寻找寻找•【单项填空】•The police with dogs are________the woods________the thief.•A．searching；for B．in search；for•C．searching；to D．in search；of•解析　句意：警察正带着警犬在树林里搜寻窃贼search sp.for sth搜查某个地方以找到某物•答案　A•1．He thought that the key to feeding people was to have • more rice and to produce it more quickly.他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。

并且能更快地生产出来•本句中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是the key to feeding people，动词不定式短语to have more rice和to produce it more quickly作表语，表示对主语的解释说明若主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式，则动词不定式中的不定式符号to可以省略•The only thing that she wants to do now is(to) go for a holiday.现在她唯一想做的事就是去度假•The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.邮递员的任务就是投递信件与报纸•The important thing is to save lives.救人要紧•【单项填空】•What we are going to do is________the matter immediately.•A．look in to B．to look into•C．looking into D．looked into•解析　不定式作表语时，如果前面的主语部分含有行为动词do的某种形式，也可以省去to。

不定式作表语表示将来的内容，A符合句意•答案　A•2．He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.他认为，唯一的办法就是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样才他认为，唯一的办法就是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样才能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的品种能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的品种本句中的本句中的way作作“方式，方法方式，方法”讲，动词不定式短语讲，动词不定式短语to do this作后置定语作后置定语•【归纳拓展】way作作“方式；方法方式；方法”讲时，其后定语讲时，其后定语(从句从句)用法：用法：(1)用动词不定式短语作后置定语：用动词不定式短语作后置定语：Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent diseases.科学家们正尽力寻找防止疾病的方法。

科学家们正尽力寻找防止疾病的方法2)后接后接“of＋动名词短语＋动名词短语”作后置定语：作后置定语：There are many ways of learning a language.学习一种语言有许多方法学习一种语言有许多方法3)后跟定语从句在定语从句中，引导词有三种选择：可后跟定语从句在定语从句中，引导词有三种选择：可用用in which或或that引导，也可不用引导词引导，也可不用引导词You should do the work in the way(in which/that)I did it.你应当按照我做这件事的方法去做你应当按照我做这件事的方法去做•【单项填空】•①What way did you think of________rid of the flies?A．．to get B．．gettingC．．being got D．．to be getting解析解析　句意：你想到什么方法来驱赶苍蝇了吗？动词不定　句意：你想到什么方法来驱赶苍蝇了吗？动词不定式短语式短语to get rid of...在此作定语在此作定语答案答案　　A•②That Austrian scientist spent many years of his life• ________the amazing ways________bees communicate • with each other.A．．researching；；that B．．studying；；in whichC．．in researching；；/ D．．all the above解析解析　句意：那位奥地利科学家花费了许多年时间研究蜜　句意：那位奥地利科学家花费了许多年时间研究蜜蜂彼此间传递信息的奇异方式。

蜂彼此间传递信息的奇异方式spend...(in)doing sth“花费花费……时间做某事时间做某事”，为固定结构；由句意可知，第一空用，为固定结构；由句意可知，第一空用studying和和researching均可；均可；way作作“方式方式”解时，其后的解时，其后的定语从句可用定语从句可用that或或in which来引导，也可省略引导词来引导，也可省略引导词综上可知综上可知D项切题答案答案　　D。