高二 grammar.ppt

GrammarSubject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致的定义主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方1. 一些以 -s结尾的名词如 politics， mathematics=maths, physics, mechanics(机械学), economics, works(著作，工厂)等, 形式上是复数，实际上却为 单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数形式 e.g. Politics is hard to study. 政治很难学The gas works is near our home.2.英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的 物体名词：trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀) 等词作主语时，谓语用复数， 但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of 等量词修 饰时 ，谓语动词 根据量词的单复数定 e.g. My trousers are very old. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下面的那双鞋子是他的。

The two pairs of trousers are broken. 两条裤子都破了3. 若主语是书名、影片名、 报名、国名等，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词通常用单数形式 e.g. The United States is smaller than China. 美国比中国小War and Peace is the longest book I’ve read. 《战争与和平》是我读过的最长的书4. 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数e.g. When to go for the holiday has not been decided yet.Reading is useful.5. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd , group, team, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用 单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成 员，谓语动词用复数形式e.g. My family was here two years ago. 两年前，我家就搬到这儿了。

My family aren’t enjoying music. 我们家人都不喜欢音乐The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡注意】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可 :e.g. The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容6. 有些表示总称意义的名词，如 people, police, militia(民兵), cattle, poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫)等， 谓语动词要用复数形式 e.g. Cattle were eating grass at this time yesterday.The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.7. 有些集合名词，如 mankind, humanity, merchandise, clothing, poetry, baggage / luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment(设备)等，通常只用作不可数名词，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式：e.g. 1)Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。

2)All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了3)The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便8. 表示时间，重量，长度，金钱等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用 单数即把主语作一个整体来看 ① Three hours is enough to do the work. ② Forty miles is a long distance.9. 就近原则谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语 . 由or, there be , either.or, not…but ,neither.nor, not only.but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照 “就近原则”处理 You or she is good at English.2)There is a pen and 3 pencils on the desk.3)There are 3 pencils and a pen……… 4)Not only I but also he has bought the book.10.every …and every……或 each…and each…. ，谓语动词通常用单数。

e.g. Each student and each teacher has been given a task.Every flower and every bush is to be cut down. 11. 分数或百分数＋of+名词/代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式① Two-thirds of the students ____(come) from countryside. ② Ninety percent of the work ___(have) been ehas12. 主语后紧跟as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to 等时谓语动词要与句子的主语保持一致① Nobody but my parents ______the secret.② The teacher as well as students __ excited.③ The students as well as the teacher _____learned to drive a car .knowsishave如果主语是many a , more than one…, 谓语用单数1)Many a student has passed the exam. 2) More than one answer is right.Choose the right word to complete each of the following sentences.（P40.1）1. Where _____ (is, are) the shoes?2. At the bottom of the hill there _____ ( is, are) a dangerous crossroads.3. The New York Times _____ (is, are) published daily.areisis4. The United Nations _____ (was, were) formed in San Francisco in 1945.5. Politics ______ (are, is) the art or science of government.6. Playing cards ____ (are, is) a favourite of young people.wasisis7. The family ____ (is, are) a happy one.8. The class _____ (is, are) taking notes, ______ (its, their) pens scribbling quickly over ______ (its, their) exercise books.isaretheirtheirRead the following sentences and correct the mistakes if any.(P40.2)1. The public were convinced of his innocence.2. The government has discussed the matter for a long time but there have been no signs of reaching an agreement.have discussed the3. The football team are being reorganized.4. Physics are the fundamental subject of science.5. The United States are a country of people with varied origins.6. One pair of shoes are not enough.isisis1. The committee ___ over the problem among themselves for two hours. A. has argued B. has been arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing2. The public _________ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. A. is B. was C. are D. has bee3. Zhang lin’s family _____ rather big and his family______ fond of music.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are4. All that I need ____ a large sum of money with which to buy my wife a diamond ring.A. are to be B. is C. are D. were1. [2010·湖南] Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A．is B．are C．has D．haveExercises1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.A. am B. be C. is D. are 2. Each man and each woman ______ the same rights.A. has 。