(完整版)材料力学中英对照词汇.doc

材料力学中英对照词汇 A安全因数 safety factorB半桥接法 half bridge闭口薄壁杆 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section 变形 deformation变形协调方程 compatibility equation 标距 gage length泊松比 Poisson’ s ratio补偿块 compensating blockC材料力学 mechanics of materials 冲击荷载 impact load初应力，预应力 initial stress 纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materialsD大柔度杆 long columns 单位荷载 unit load单位力偶 unit couple单位荷载法 unit-load method单向应力，单向受力 uniaxial stress 等强度梁 beam of constant strength 低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue 电桥平衡 bridge balancing电阻应变计 resistance strain gage电阻应变仪 resistance strain indicator 叠加法 superposition method叠加原理 superposition principle动荷载 dynamic load断面收缩率 percentage reduction in area 多余约束 redundant restraintE二向应力状态 state of biaxial stressF分布力 distributed force复杂应力状态 state of triaxial stress 复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件 bar刚度 stiffness刚架，构架 frame刚结点 rigid joint高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料 isotropical material功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计 active strain gage 工作应力 working stress构件 structural member惯性半径 radius of gyration of an area 惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距 moment of inertia 广义胡克定律 generalized Hook ’s lawH横向变形 lateral deformation 胡克定律 Hook ’s law滑移线 slip-linesJ基本系统 primary system畸变能理论 distortion energy theory畸 变 能 密 度 distortional strain energydensity 极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia 极 限 应 力ultimate stress极限荷载 limit load挤压应力 bearing stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equation of shear force 剪力图 shear force diagram 剪流 shear flow剪切胡克定律 Hook’s law for shear 剪切 shear交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress 截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties ofan area截面核心 core of section静 不 定次 ， 超 静 定 次数 degree of a statically indeterminate problem静 不 定 问 题 ， 超 静 定 问 题 staticallyindeterminate problem静定问题 statically determinate problem 静荷载 static load静矩，一次矩 static moment 颈缩 neckingK开口薄壁杆 bar of thin-walled open crosssection抗拉强度 ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion 抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion抗 弯 截 面 系 数 section modulus inbendingL拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axially loaded bar 理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plasticassumption力法 force method力学性能 mechanical properties 连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity condition梁 beams临界应力 critical stress 临界荷载 critical loadM迈因纳定律 Miner ’s law名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress 莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure 敏感栅 sensitive gridN挠度 deflection挠曲轴 deflection curve挠曲轴方程 equation of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程approximatelydifferential equation ofthe deflectioncurve内力 internal forces扭力矩 twisting moment扭矩 torsional moment扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion扭转极限应力 ultimate stress in torsion 扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服强度 yielding stress in torsion 扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler’ s formulaP疲 劳 极 限 ，条 件 疲 劳 极 限 endurancelimit疲劳破坏 fatigue ruptureanalysis形心轴 centroidal axis轴向压缩 axial compression疲劳寿命 fatigue life塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation形状系数 shape factor主平面 principal planes偏心拉伸 eccentric tensionductile materials 塑性材料，延性材料许用应力 allowable stress主应力 principal stress偏心压缩 eccentric compression塑性铰 plastic hinge许用应力法allowable stress method主应力迹线 principal stress trajectory平均应力 average stressT许用荷载 allowable load主轴 principal axis平面弯曲 plane bending弹簧常量spring constant许用荷载法allowable load method主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia平面应力状态 state of plane stress弹性变形elastic deformationY主形心惯性矩principal centroidal平行移轴定理 parallel axis theorem弹性模量modulus of elasticity应变花 strain rosettemoments of inertia平面假设体积力 body force应变计 strain gage主形心轴 principal centroidal axisplane cross-section assumption体积改变能密度density of energy of应变能 strain energy转角 angel of rotationQvolume change应变能密度strain energy density转轴公式 transformation equation强度 strength体应变 volume strain应力 stress自由扭转 free torsion强度理论 theory of strengthW应力速率 stress ratio组合变形 combined deformation强度条件 strength condition弯矩 bending moment应力比 stress ratio组合截面 composite area切变模量 shear modulus弯矩方程 equation of bending moment应力幅 stress amplitude最大切应力理论maximumshear stress切应变 shear strain弯矩图 bending moment diagram应力状态 state of stresstheory切应力 shear stress弯曲 bending应力集中 stress concentration最大拉应变理论maximumtensile strain切应力互等定理theoremof conjugate弯曲刚度flexural rigidity应力集中因数 stress concentration factortheoryshearing stress弯曲正应力 normal stress in bending应力－寿命曲线， S-N 曲线 stress-cycle最大拉应力理论maximumtensile s。