2022年考研英语一真题及参考答案.doc

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Sectio n I Use of En glishDirectio ns:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “ plant neurobiology _” waound the notion that some aspects of plant behavior couldbe 2 to in tellige nee in an imals. 3 _lants lack brains, the firing of electrical sig nals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that_4_consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is bunk, accord ing to the authors of the new article. Plant biology is plex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants ' intelligence isintriguing but inconclusive, the scientists wrote. In animals, neurobiology refers to the biological mecha ni sms through which a n ervous system regulates behavior, accord ing to Harvard Un iversity Mi nd Brain Behavior In terfaculty In itiative. Over millio ns of years, brains in diverse an imal species have evolved to produce behaviors that experts ide ntify as in tellige nt: Among them are reas oning and problem-solvi ng, tool use and self-recog niti on.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have_7_ that plants possess neuron-like cells that in teract with horm ones and n eurotra nsmitters, 8 _ “ a pla nt n ervous system, 9_ to that in ani mals, said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, a professor emeritus of molecular, cell and developmental biology at the University of California Santa Cruz.“ They_10 _claimed that pla nts have 'brai n- like mand cen ters' at their root tips, Taiz told ” Live Science in an email.This _ 1 _makes sense if you simplify the workings of a plex brain, —12 it to anarray of electrical pulses; cells in plants also municate through electrical signals, according tothe article. 13 , the signaling in a plant is only 14_ similar to the billions of synapses firingin a plex animal brai n, which is more than "a mass of cells that municate by electricity, Taiz said.“ For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold_15_of plexity and capacity is required,he_16_.Other researchers who recen tly in vestigated the n euroscie nee of con scious ness ——aware ness of one's world and a sense of self — found that in animals, only vertebrates, arthropods and cephalopods had brains plex eno ugh to en able them to be con scious.“ Ifthe lower animals — which have nervous systems — lack consciousness, the_17_that pla nts without n ervous systems have con scious ness are effectively n il, Taiz said. ”And what ' so great about con scious ness, any way? Plants can ' run away from_18L, so investing energy in a body system that_19 _ a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evoluti onary strategy, accord ing to the article.1.A. coinedB. discoveredC. collectedD.issued2.A. attributedB. directedC. paredD.confined3.A. Un lessB. WhenC. OnceD. Though4.A. coped withB. con sisted ofC. hinted atD.exte nded to5.A. suffersB. ben efitsC. developsD.differs6.A. accepta neeB. evide neeC. cultivati onD.creati on7.A. doubtedB. deniedC. arguedD.requested8.A. adapti ngB. formi ngC. repairi ngD. testi ng9.A. an alogousB. esse ntialC. suitableD.sen sitive10.A. justB. everC. stillD.eve n11.A. restrictio nB. experime ntC. perspectiveD.dema nd12.A. attachi ngB. reduci ngC. returni ngD.expos ing13.A. HoweverB. MoreoverC. ThereforeD.Otherwise14.15.A. temporarilyA. listB. literallyB. levelC. superficiallyC. labelD. imaginarilyD. load16.A. recalledB. agreedC. questionedD. added17.A. chancesB. risksC. excusesD. assumptions18.A. dangerB. failureC. warningD. control19.A. representsB. includesC. revealsD. recognizes20.A. humbleB. poorC. practicalD. easySection II Reading prehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often grumble that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are ubiquitous and don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They “ weep”out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. Until recently, museums only had to worry about traditional materials. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, David Bowie costumes, the first artificial heart.It's“TCertain artifacts are especially vulnerable because s。