沪教版八年级下册初二(下)第一单元Unit1语法讲解练习测试.docx

Unit 1 Helping those in need.重点句子：1. Cindy is in hospital because she suffered from serious illnesses.2. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home.3. .I went there and took some photos of it4. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely.5. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage.6. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits.Grammar 动词不定式：①基本形式： to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to）②特点：A. 没有人称和数的变化B. 可以有自己的宾语和状语 C. 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be + 动词过去分词）D. 动词不定式的否定式直接在不定式的前面加not.③动词不定式用法：1. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 　　(1) 把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour. To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中It is good to help others. 帮助他人是件好事　It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事 2. 作表语（表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句）The important thing is to finish the work on time. (完成工作) What you have to do now is to clean the classroom. (打扫教室).3. 作宾语 (1)动词 + to do 常见动词有 agree, choose, decide, forget, fail, go on, learn, hope, mean (意味；想要) need, offer, plan, regret, require, remember, seem, stop, try, wish, want等[注意]：部分动词后接不定式与接动名词的含义不同。

如stop, forget, rememberHe decided to buy (buy) the camera.I want to listen to (listen to) some music after class.I hope to travel (travel) all over the world one day.(2) 动词+疑问代（副）词 + to doI don’t know what to do. （做什么） how to do it / that. （怎么做） where to go (去哪里) when to leave (什么时候出发)(3) 动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to doI find it important to learn English我发现很难和他好好相处. I find it hard to get on well with him.我发现在炎热的夏天很容易入睡. I find it easy to fall asleep in hot summer.4. 做宾补(1) 动词 + 宾语 +to do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want，like, beg(请求), invite（邀请）, warn（警告，提醒）, allow, encourage, advise 等。

2) 动词 + 宾语 + do (不带 to 的不定式)注：常用的动词是:感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make, let.（如果将其改成被动语态，必须将不定式符号to还原固定搭配：make sb. do sth.5. 作状语（可以表目的、表结果、表原因）为了强调目的， 有时可以把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前面加in order to…或so as not to…I came here to tell you good news. ( 告诉你一个好消息)She stydied hard to pass the exam. 她刻苦学习，以便通过考试6. 作定语 （必须后置）我们每天有很多作业要做. We have a lot of homework to do every day.我有个好消息要告诉你. I have good news to tell you.以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：1. 在固定词组had better之后注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。

例如:　　You had better go home now.你最好现在回家Its cold outside. Youd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去2. 在感官动词see, watch, feel, hear, look at, listen to和使役动词have, make,let后要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语例如:　　I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我　　I didnt see you come in.我没看见你进来3. 在动词help之后做宾语或宾语补足语的不定式，to可省略也可保留Will you help me (to) move the table? 请帮我搬一下桌子好吗？练习（一）：1. The workers want us ______ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 2. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 3. The teacher told them ____make so much noise. A. don’t B. not C. will not D. not to 4. He gave us some advice on how____ English.A. learning B . learned C. to learn D . learn5. I’m thirsty. Would you please give me something________.A .drunk B .to drink C .to be drunk D .for drinking6.Tom is the first _____ to school.A . get B . to get C. getting D . Got7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 8. I saw him _______ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes 9. ---_______ more about tomorrow’s weather, call 121. ---OK, I will. Thank you. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known10We must do everything we can ____ waste water from running into rivers. A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping 11. Let’s ____ play in the street. Father tells me __ do so. A. not to；not to B. not；not to C. don’t；to not D. not to；don’t 12. When I came into the room, he pretended ____ his homework. A. to do B. be doing C. doing D. to be doing练习（二）：1. Linder offers her pocket money to the Hope Project. A. makes B. gets C. gives D. puts2. I will continue playing the game after finishing the homework. A. go on B. go in C. go out D. go up3. Her face is full of joy. Is there any good news? A. loneliness B. happiness C. sadness D. goodness4. I have a lovely doll。