中世纪西欧乡村的婚姻文化.pdf

学校代码 10530 学 号 200901060136 分 类 号 K103 密 级 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 中世纪西欧乡村的婚姻文化中世纪西欧乡村的婚姻文化 学学 位位 申申 请请 人人 王 倩 文 指指 导导 教教 师师 张佳生 副教授 学学 院院 名名 称称 哲学与历史文化学院 学学 科科 专专 业业 世 界 史 研研 究究 方方 向向 世界古代文化史 二〇一二年五月三十日 Marriage Culture of Countryside in the Medieval Western Europe Candidate Wang Qianwen Supervisor and Rank Asso. Prof. Zhang Jiasheng College College of Philosophy and History Culture Program World History Specialization Ancient Culture of World History Degree Master of History University Xiangtan University Date May 30th, 2012 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。

除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文 涉密论文按学校规定处理 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 I 摘 要 婚姻是人类社会发展中必不可少的组成部分，其演变必然受社会演进的影响， 同时婚姻的演变也是社会演进的集中体现婚姻在不同历史时期和不同文化中有不同的制度和习俗，它反映了人类社会文化的变迁和发展因为西欧中世纪90%以上的人口居住在乡村，所以对乡村婚姻的了解能使我们进一步认识这一时期的政治与文化 中世纪西欧，乡村社会的主要形式是庄园。

人们通常认为，庄园经营管理活动的最低目标就是自给自足在封建庄园内，生产经营活动能够保证领主与农奴的消费需求因此，中世纪乡村就是一个“蛛网”式的封闭体系，农民们在这里度过他们的一生乡村领主凭借土地使农民依附于他，涉及依附者生活的每个方面，甚至干涉依附者的婚姻，显露其剥削压迫本性但是，封建领主并不是无所不能的，有时他们要让路于中世纪宗教在重要的宗教节日里，领主不能强迫农奴为自己劳动 在基督教笼罩下， 中世纪西欧封建庄园内的人们在选择婚姻对象时受到诸多限制在狭小的乡村环境中，人们的思想是封闭狭隘的在整个封建社会中，家长制、父权制根深蒂固，农民子女和贵族子女的婚姻都由家长安排，有时候封建领主还要强加干涉经济因素也是乡村婚姻中必不可少的考虑因素，因此，中世纪寡妇因经济实力较强而在婚姻市场上很受欢迎 但不是所有人都会首先考虑婚姻中的物质因素，以爱情为基础的婚姻有但不多 整个中世纪西欧文化， 都是以基督教为主导并且以基督教的主要思想为背景的，可以说基督教文化是西欧中世纪文化的主体教会有一套自己的婚姻规范因财力的缺乏，乡村农民缔结婚姻时可能并不按照教会规定的严格程序在多变的世俗社会中，婚姻的世俗性与教会规范相互作用。

中世纪的基督教文化影响着中世纪人对妇女的看法， 因此， 中世纪婚姻中的夫妻关系表现为妻子从属于丈夫结婚意味着人身和财产的转移，一旦结婚，妻子的所有财产甚至她们本人都会随之纳入其丈夫名下 丈夫可以称得上是婚姻中的法人代表， 然而妻子却一无所有 关键词：关键词：中世纪西欧；庄园；基督教；乡村婚姻 II Abstract Marriage is an integral part in the development of human society. Marriage’s evolution is inevitably influenced by social evolution; meanwhile, it is also the concentrated embodiment of social evolution. Marriage in different historical periods and cultures has different rules and conventions and it reflects the changes and development of mankind’s social intercourse. More than 90 percent of the population lived in rural areas in the Medieval Western Europe, so we can get further knowledge about the politics and culture of this period from understanding of rural marriages. The manor is the main form of rural society in the Medieval Western Europe. It is generally considered that the minimum goal of management about estate is self-sufficient. Production and operation can guarantee the consumption demand of lord and serf. Therefore, the medieval village was a “cobweb” type of closed system, and farmers’ experienced all their life here. The lords of the countryside made farmers dependent on him by land, and involved every aspect of farmers’ life, even interfered with marriages, showing its nature of exploitation and oppression. However, the feudal lords were not omnipotent, and sometimes they must give way to the medieval religious. Lord can not be forced labor on serf on the important religious festivals. The air of Christianity was full of Western Europe in the middle ages. Selection of spouse had a large amount of restrictions in the feudal lord-manor. People’s minds were closed and narrow in small rural environment. Patriarchy was deep-rooted throughout the feudal society, and marriages of peasants and nobles were often arranged by patriarch. Sometimes feudal lords imposed their will on peasants. Economic factors were also essential considerations on the marriages of the rural areas, so widows had a strong economic strength and they were very popular in the marriage market. However, not everyone took material factors of marriage as their first choice. There were marriages based on the emotion but not much. When rural farmers concluded to marry, they may be not in accordance with strict procedures of Church’s regulations due to lack of financial resources. Cultures all over the Middle Ages Western were based on Christian themes and Christian background. It can be said that Christian culture is the subject of culture in the medieval European. The church formed its own set of ideas and norms about marriage. In a changing society, secular of marriage and standard of Church took an interaction. Christian cultural influenced on people’s attitude towards women, so marital relations of medieval showed as the wife belonging to the husband. Marriage m。