2009年考研英语（二）真题（解析卷）.pdf

12009 年年全全国国硕硕士士研研究究生生招招生生考考试试英英语语试试题题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are.1the fruit-flyexperiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter thanthe average fruit fly2to live shorter lives. This suggests that3bulbs burn longer, that there isa(n)4in not being too bright.Intelligence, it5, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow6thestarting line because it depends on learning a(n)7process instead of instinct. Plenty of otherspecies are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to8.Is there an adaptive value to9intelligence? Thats the question behind this new research. Instead ofcasting a wistful glance10at all the species weve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what thereal11of our own intelligence might be. This is12the mind of every animal weve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would13onhumans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,14, is running a small-scale study in operantconditioning. We believe that15animals ran the labs, they would test us to16the limits of ourpatience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans isreally17, not merely how much of it there is.18, they would hope to study a(n)19question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20the results are inconclusive.1.A SupposeB ConsiderC ObserveD Imagine2.A tendedB fearedC happenedD threatened3.A thinnerB stablerC lighterD dimmer4.A tendencyB advantageC inclinationD priority5.A insists onB sums upC turns outD puts forward6.A offB behindC overD along7.A incredibleB spontaneousC inevitableD gradual8.A fightB doubtC stopD think9.A invisibleB limitedC indefiniteD different10.A upwardB forwardC afterwardD backward11.A featuresB influencesC resultsD costs12.A outsideB onC byD across13.A deliverB carryC performD apply14.A by chanceB in contrastC as usualD for instance全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）真题第 1 页，共 34 页215.A ifB unlessC asD lest16.A moderateB overcomeC determineD reach17.A atB forC afterD with18.A Above allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise19.A fundamentalB comprehensiveC equivalentD hostile20.A By accidentB In timeC So farD Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into theunconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworthsaid in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same contextas creativity and innovation. But brainresearchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and evenentirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change byconsciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try the more we step outside our comfortzone the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, theyre thereto stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass thoseold roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The OpenMind. “But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls himself the Decider. ” She adds, however,that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many otherpossibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically,procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shutsdown half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the firstdecade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of usinherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）真题第 2 页，共 34 页3belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 boo。