英语语法之十种常见时态.docx

时态（表示动作的时间和状态，通过谓语动词的变化来体现）一、现在进行时·形式： Am/is/are +V.-ing·用法：①基本用法：现在正在进行的动作 a.表示此时此刻We are studying English now.b.表示现阶段J.K Rowling is writing another book this year.②特殊用法：表示确定要发生的将来 I am coming to see you. 我马上就过来看你 The bus is coming. 车快来了 We are arriving at…. 我们将要到达…… The old man is dying. 这位老人快去世了·变否定、疑问句He is listening.→He is not listening.Is he listening? →What is he doing?·补充：与频度副词always, forever 等连用表感情色彩二、一般现在时·形式：V.原形/V.第三人称单数主语是he/she/it可数名词单数 +V.第三人称单数不可数名词·用法：①基本用法：现在经常性习惯性的动作 He often gets up late.②特殊用法：a.现在即永恒：客观事实，名言警句，科学真理 b.表示确定要发生且有时间表或日程表的将来The train arrives at 10:00.·变否定、疑问句He is happy. → He isn’t happy.Is he happy? → How is he?You like English. → You don’t like English.He likes English. → He doesn’t like English.·补充：可与频率连用：Always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes Seldom, hardly, never Every… Once a week, twice a month, three times a year三、一般过去时·形式：V.过去式·用法：表示过去的动作·变否定、疑问句He was happy. → he wasn’t happy.He liked English. → he didn’t like English.Did he like English?What did he like?·补充V.过去式V.过去分词只表示一般过去时① have + v.过去分词 表完成时② be + v.过去分词 表被动语态③ 不作谓语四、过去进行时·形式： Was/Were +V.-ing·用法：表示过去正在进行的动作 I was working at 3:00 yesterday.用于设置背景: While he was sleeping, the thief came in. 通常与进行时连用强调正在进行。

五、一般将来时·形式： am/is/are + going to Will + V.原形 Shall(只能用于第一人称)·用法：将来的动作（现在的将来），通常表示将来有可能发生的事·补充：①表示将来的词组 Be about to do…多用于口语，表示立刻马上将要做Be to do…打算做，有计划性的② be going to 强调事先有计划的，打算好的，有预兆的 Will 强调个人意愿，临时决定的六、过去将来时·形式： would+ V.原形 Was /were going to + V.原形·用法：表示过去的将来 After I finished my work, I would have dinner.七、现在完成时·形式：have/has +V.过去分词·用法：①现在已经全部完成 he has left. ②现在已经部分完成 we have learned English for 10 years.判断现在完成时，将“现在已经”带入语义，通顺则是现在完成时八、过去完成时·形式：had+V.过去分词·用法：①过去已经全部完成 ②过去已经部分完成 e.g. : before 8 o’clock yesterday , she had eaten all the food. When she got there, she had left.·变否定、疑问句： he had left.→he had not left. Had he left?→what had he done?·补充： ① 现在完成时和过去完成时含义相同，截止时间点不同 It is （表现在）10:00, the doctor has operated for 5 hours. It was （表过去）10:00, the doctor had operated for 5 hours. ② 过去完成时和一般现在时先后顺序不同，过去完成时在先。

九、将来完成时·形式：will have + V.过去分词 （have 不能换成 has）·用法：①将来已经全部完成 ②将来已经部分完成 在时间句和条件句中经常用e.g.: by the end of next year, they will finished work on the new stadium. By + 时间，表示截止到什么时候，与完成时连用十、现在完成进行时·形式： have/has been + V.-ing·用法：现在已经…… 还在进行，持续进行，时间上来讲，从过去持续到了现在的事现在完成时：He has waited for three hours.现在完成进行时：He has been waiting for three hours.·补充：只有延续性动词才能用在完成进行时当中 A: the baby is crying. 现在进行时 B: he has been crying for ten minutes. 现在完成进行时。