英国文学发展史一览.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑英国文学发展史一览 英国文学进展史一览 1.English Literature of Anglo-Saxon Period Time: about 7th century Features: verse literature （唱诗） two groups: pagan （非宗教性的） and religious Main works: ―Beowulf‖ poetry by Caedmon and Cynewulf 2.English Literature of Middle Centuries Time: mid 11th Century – 15th Century Features: 1.influence of the Norman Conquest 2.Main works and writers: 3.the Romances （骑士文学） 4.Chaucer‘s ―The Canterbury Tales‖ 3.English Literature of Renaissance Time: early 16th Century—mid 17th Century Features: the first glorious period of English literary history, ― A nest of singing birds …‖ （百家争鸣，百花齐放） Main writers: 1.Thomas More 2.Edmund Spencer 3.Francis Bacon 4.Shakespeare 4.English Literature during the Bourgeois Revolution Time:1625—1688 The English Bourgeois Revolution begins from 1642 Features: Puritan age represented by John Milton Main literary form: Poetry Main writers: John Milton 1608--1674 5.English Literature of the 18th Century Features: Also as the Enlightenment Movement Period （启蒙时期） It is divided into 3 stages: 1.―Glorious revolution‖ to the end of 1730‘s; 2.The mature period (1740‘s—1750‘s); 3.The last period covers the rest decades of the 18th century. Main authors: （小说家）Daniel Defoe， Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding （诗人）Alexander Pope 6.Romanticism in England Time: 1798--1832 Features: 1.是英国文学史上诗歌最为繁盛的时期； 2.分为消极和积极两组。

Main poets: 1.以William Wordsworth 为代表的消极派―湖畔派诗人‖ 2.以Shelley, Baron, Keats 为代表的积极派诗人 7.English Literature of the Mid Pentameter: five feet ? Dimeter: two feet; Hexameter: six feet ? Trimeter: three feet; Heptameter: seven feet ? Tetrameter: four feet; Octameter: eight feet Distinction between ―foot‖ and ―meter‖ Foot is not to be confused with meter, though the names for feet end with ―-meter‖. Meter is based on syllables, indicating how stressed and unstressed syllables are arranged. Foot is applied with a single line, indicating how many meters are employed in that line. Note: Meter+foot =metrical rhythm/versification Ⅲ. Rhythm （节奏/韵律） concept: The passage of regular or approximately equivalent time intervals between definite events or the recurrence of specific sounds or kinds of sounds or the recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables is called rhythm. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! Ⅴ.rhyme （押韵） 1.concept: the repetition of the stressed vowel sound and all succeeding sounds e.g. Home, Foam; chair, there 2. types: Ⅵ. Rhyme Scheme（韵式） 1.Concept: The arrangement of rhymes in a poem or stanza. 2.types: 1．end rhyme（尾韵）occurs at the end of a line. 1） 联韵： ―aabb‖型。

I shot an arrow into the air, a It fell to earth, I knew not where a For, softly it flew, the sight b Could not follow it in its flight. b Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song 2） 交错韵：abab型 Sunset and evening star, a And one clear call for me! b And may there be no moaning of the bar, a When I put out to sea, b Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar 3） 同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵毕竟，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚 如下例就共用／i:p／为韵脚 The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. Robert Frost (1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 2. 头韵(alliteration)：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音一致，形成押韵。

下例中运用／f／、／b／与／s／头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象 The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free, We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. T.S. Coleridge: Rime of the Ancient Mariner 3．内韵：指词与词之间理由的重复形成的内部押韵 下面一节诗中／i／及／iη／重复照应，呈现出一派快乐祥和的气氛 Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king; Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold dath not sting, the pretty birds do sing: Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo! Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring Ⅶ.Forms of poem （诗体） Form is the design of a poem, the particular pattern it takes when it is written on paper. In each poem, we usually find a number of similar units. Each unit may have three lines, four lines or more. This recurring unit of a poem is called stanza.（诗节） 2. Forms of Poetry 1）.Blank verse （无韵诗体） Blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter, a line consisting of five feet of unstressed and stressed syllables. （由不押韵的诗行组成的诗体，通常是抑扬格五音步） Examples: Shakespeare's plays, Milton's Paradise Lost and Wordsworth's Prelude are written in blank verse. The following is from Shakespeare's As You Like It : All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances. 2）.Couplet （对偶句） Couplet: a pair of rhymed lines which may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem. Popular in the eighteenth century, a couplet 。