初一英语语法和介词的用法.doc

初一英语语法和介词的用法一、介词 to的常见用法1.动词+toa)动词+ toadjust to适应,attend to处理；照料,agree to赞同,amount to加起来达…，belong to属于,come to达到,drink to为…干杯，get to到达,happen to发生在某人身上,hold to紧握,lead to通向,listen to听,occur to想起,object to反对,point to指向,respond to回答,refer to参考；指的是…；涉及,reply to回答,see to负责,stick to坚持,turn to求助,write to给某人写信b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.announce to通知某人, describe to 向某人描述, explain to 向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to 提及, nod to 向某人点头, report to 报告, say to 告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to 对某人提建议,speak to 与某人交谈, talk to 跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。

c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.add to增加, compare to 比作, carry to 运送至, devote to 致力于,introduce to 介绍给, invite to 邀请参加, join to 连接到, leave to 委托给,reduce to 下降至, sentence to判处, take to 带到2. be +形容词/过去分词+ tobe alive to觉察；晓得,be attentive to注意；留心,be awake to知晓,be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to紧挨着,be common to对某人来说很普通,be contrary to违反；反对,be devoted to致力,be deaf to不愿意听,be equal to有…的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受,be fair to对…公平,be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to对某人心存感激,be good to对…有好处,be harmful to对…有危害,be important to对…重要,be kind to友好对待,be known to周知于,be married to嫁给,be moved to转移到,be near to靠近,be necessary to对…有必要,be opposite to在对面,be opposed to反对,be pleasant to合某人之意,be proper to专属,be polite to礼貌待人,be rude to粗暴对待,be relative to与…有关,be strange to不习惯,be similar to类似,be suitable to适合,be true to忠实,be thankful to感激,be useful to对…有用,be used to习惯。

3.to+名词构成的词组to a degree在某种程度上, to date 到现在为止,to one’s feet 跳起来，to one’s mind照…看来, to one’s surprise 使…吃惊,to one’s taste 符合胃口, to oneself 独自享用, to order 定做,to the letter 不折不扣地, to the point 中肯地二、at 的常见用法 at 构成的词组比较多，要细心区分1.动词+ atarrive at抵达,call at 访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at 攻击, fire at 向…开火,glance at 瞟一眼, glare at 怒目而视, grieve at 忧伤，knock at 敲,laugh at 嘲笑, look at 看一眼, pull at 拉扯, rejoice at 对…高兴，smile at 向某人微笑, shoot at朝…射击, stare at 怒目而视,thrust at 刺向, tear at 撕, tremble at 颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at 工作。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ atbe angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at 对…保持警觉,be astonished at 对…吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at 对某事很灵巧,be delighted at 高兴，be disgusted at 厌恶, be disappointed at对…失望，be good at 擅长, be impatient at 对…不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at 对…感到高兴, be present at 出席, be satisfied at 满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at 对…非常震惊，be terrified at 受到…的恐吓,be quick at对…很机敏3.at+名词构成的词组at a distance在一定距离，at a loss 不知所措， at a time 一次，at all 一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best 最好也只是，at first 起初，at hand 手头，at heart在内心里，at home 在家；无拘束，at last 最后，at least 至少，at most 最多，at once马上，at present 目前。

三、介词 on的常见用法on的用法比较重要，本文介绍它的一些常见用法：1.动词+ona)动词+ on 要认真区分下面一些词组act on对…有作用, bring on 促使；导致, call on 拜访某人,count on 依赖, carry on执行,depend on 取决, feed on 以…为生,figure on 料想；推断, go on 继续,have on 穿着, insist on 坚持,keep on 继续, lean on 依赖, live on 以…为生, pull on 迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on 接通（电源）, take to 喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on 接通（电源）, work on 操作, wait on 侍候b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)base on以…为基础, congratulate on 恭贺, fix on 固定, have mercy on 怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on 监视, spend on 把时间、精力花在某方面2.be+形容词+on 的词组be dependent on依赖, be hard on 对某人苛刻,be impressed on 对…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on 对…严格。

3.on+名词构成的词组on board乘（车,飞机）,on call 听候召唤, on duty 值班, on earth 到底, on fire 着火, on foot 步行，on guard 在岗，on hire 雇用，on holiday 度假四、介词 in的常见用法1.动词+ina)动词+ inbelieve in信任, break in 碎成，bring in 引起；产生；带来, call in 下令收回, fill in填充,get in 收获, hand in 上缴, involve in 涉及, lie in 在于, result in 导致, share in共享,succeed in 成功, take in 卷起；订阅, turn in 归还当局b)动词+sb./time/money+ inhelp sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in 匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in 浪费时间或钱做某事2. be +形容词+ inbe active in活跃于,be absorbed in 专心致志, be busy in 忙碌, be born in 出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in 穿着, be disappointed in 对…失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in 在…有经验, be employed in 任职于,be engaged in 忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in 在…优秀,be interested in 对…有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in 富有,be slow in 迟缓, be successful in 在某方面成功, be skilled in 精于,be strict in 严于, be weak in 弱于。

3. in +名词in advance提前,in all 总共，in balance 总而言之，in bed 卧床，in body 亲自，in brief简明扼要，in case 万一, in charge 主管，in danger 有危险, in debt 负债, in despair失望,in force 大量地；有效，in full 全部地, in flower 开花,in general 一般说来,in itself 本身, in love 恋爱, in order 井然有序, in person 亲自,in public 公开地, in progress 有进展, in practice 从实践上看, in rags 穿着破衣,in research 探索, in return 作为报答,in ruins 一片废墟,in short 总之,in theory 从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears 眼泪汪汪,in time 及时, in turn 按顺序, in vain 白白地，in view看得见五、介词 from的常见用法from的用法可不能小瞧，你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。

1.动词+froma)动词+ fromcome from来自,date from 追溯, depart from 违背, die from 死于, escape from 逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from 垂挂, hear from 收到来信,learn from 向某人学习, return from自某地返回，rise from 自…冒出, result from 起因于, suffer from 忍受b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a placeborrow from向…借, choose from 选自, excuse from 免除, keep from 阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from 不受…之害, receive from 收到,remove from 移动；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from 分离开来,stop from 阻止2. be +形容词+ frombe absent from缺席,be different from 与众不同, be far from 更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made fr。