2020PET最新官方词汇库.pdf

Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List © UCLES 2018 From 2020 VOCABULARY LIST B1 Preliminary B1 Preliminary for Schools © UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List Introduction to the Preliminary Vocabulary List The Preliminary Vocabulary List gives teachers a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing students for the Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools examinations. Background to the list The Preliminary Vocabulary List was originally developed by Cambridge Assessment in consultation with external consultants to guide item writers who produce materials for the Preliminary examination. It includes vocabulary from the Council of Europe’s Threshold (1990) specification and other vocabulary which corpus evidence shows is high frequency. The list covers vocabulary appropriate to the B1 level on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and includes receptive vocabulary (words that the candidate is expected to understand but which are not the focus of a question) and productive vocabulary (words that the candidate needs to know to answer a question). The list does not provide an exhaustive list of all words which appear on the Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools question papers and candidates should not confine their study of vocabulary to the list alone. How the list is updated The vocabulary of English changes over time, with words being added and other words falling into disuse. In order to maintain its currency, the Preliminary Vocabulary List is updated on a regular basis, with the decision to add or remove words being informed by reference to the Cambridge Learner Corpus and English Profile Wordlists. The Cambridge Learner Corpus is a collection of over 44 million words of English, based upon evidence of language use by learners from all over the world and from which the English Vocabulary Profile has developed. The English Vocabulary Profile shows the most common words and phrases that learners of English need to know in British or American English. The meaning of each word or phrase in the wordlists has been assigned a level between A1 and B2 on the CEFR. A preview version of the English Vocabulary Profile can be accessed by visiting the website: http://www.englishprofile.org Organisation of the list  Word sets Some categories of words that a learner at this level might be expected to know, e.g. days of the week, are not included in the alphabetical list but are listed in Appendix 1. Although ‘grammar words’ (pronouns, modal verbs, etc.) are included, the Language Specification section of the Preliminary Handbook and Preliminary for Schools Handbook (available from from www.cambridgeenglish.org) should be consulted for a more complete listing.  Exemplification Example phrases and sentences showing how words might be used are given only where words with different meanings need to be constrained. For example, heel is followed by ‘I can’t walk in high heels’ – this shows that heel is limited to the idea of shoes: candidates are not expected to know other meanings, such as the part of the body. © UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List  Multi-word verbs Multi-word verbs are not included in the list if they have a literal meaning and are composed of verbs and particles already in the list. Examples of ‘literal’ multi-word verbs are come into, sit down, as in ‘Why not come into the kitchen and sit down?’ If the meaning of the verb is not transparent, e.g. find out, get along, give in, then the verb is listed and an example of usage given.  Topic lists In Appendix 2, words have been grouped together under common Preliminary and/or Preliminary for Schools themes, such as ‘Food and Drink’, ‘House and Home’ and ‘Sport’. Not all the words in the Topic Lists headings appear on the wordlist. Unsuitable topics Cambridge Assessment English examinations must not contain anything that might offend or upset candidates, potentially affect their performance or distract them during the examination. A number of ‘sensitive’ topics are considered unsuitable for use in Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools, for example war and politics, and vocabulary relating to these is not included in the Preliminary Vocabulary List. Personal vocabulary The content of the Preliminary Vocabulary List is general in nature and is unlikely to cover completely the productive vocabulary that may be required by all candidates. Candidates should know the specific lexis they will need to describe themselves and their lives, for example hobbies, likes and dislikes. Abbreviations Abbreviations used in the Preliminary Vocabulary List are: abbrev abbreviation or acronym mv modal verb adj adjective n noun adv adverb phr v phrasal verb av auxiliary verb pl plural Am Eng American English prep preposition Br Eng British English prep phr prepositional phrase conj conjunction pron pronoun det determiner sing singular exclam。