国际商务合同unit(14).doc

Unit 14 Following Contractual Norms(ⅡⅡ) 符合合同文体（下）符合合同文体（下） Topical Highlights 单元要点单元要点 Theme Presentation 主题描述主题描述 4.Using Defining Words“系指系指”定义词的运用定义词的运用 5.Using Conditional Clauses 条件句式的运用条件句式的运用 6.Using Other Specific Phrases 其他特定词语的运用其他特定词语的运用 Useful Words and Phrases 常用词语常用词语 Reflections and Practice 思考与实践思考与实践 BACK Theme Presentation 主题描述主题描述 4. Using Defining Words“系指系指”定义词的运用定义词的运用 由于国际商务合同当事人涉及到不同的国家或地区，语言和法律不同，各自对相同词语的解释和使用也不完全一样为了使双方对一些词统一认识，防止解释不一，产生分歧，推卸责任，有必要对合同中频繁出现、且含义复杂的关键词作出定义。

在此，我们将表示定义的词称为“系指定义词”用于表达“指”、“系指”、“含义为”的方法有多种，合同中经常使用的有 mean, shall be, is, are, shall mean 等例如： (1)The Patents means those letters patent, utility models and applications therefore presently owned or hereafter acquired by Party B and／or which Party B has or may have the right to control or grant license thereof during the term hereof in any or all countries of the world and which are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of the Product． “专利”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的和/或有权或可能有权控制的，或在本协议有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品的专利、实用新型及其专利申请。

(2)The Acceptance Test Manual means the document prepared by Party A which will be used by Party A and Party B for checking whether the Equipment is in accordance with the Specification and Approved Data． 《验收试验手册》指由甲方提供的供甲、乙双方检验设备是否符合技术规格和认可资料的文件 (3)“Banking Day'’ shall mean a day on which dealings in deposits in Dollars are carried on In the London interbank market and banks are open for business in London and not required or authorized by law to close in New York City, and “London Banking Day'’ shall mean a day on which dealings in deposits in Dollars are carried on in the London interbank market and banks are open for business in London. And “Dollars” shall mean lawful money of the United States． “银行工作日”指伦敦同业银行市场和各银行在伦敦进行美元存款交易的营业日，而不是纽约市法律规定或许可的停业日。

伦敦银行工作日”指伦敦同业银行市场和伦敦银行进行美元存款交易的营业日Dollar 是指美国的法定货币4)“Subsidiary'’ at any time means any entity of which more than fifty percent (50％) of the outstanding voting stock or other equity interest entitled ordinarily to vote in the election of the directors or other governing body (however designated 0f such entity) is al the time beneficially owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the borrower, one or more such entities or the borrower and one or more such entities． “子公司”是指任何时候的任何实体该实体 50％以上的公开发行的表决权股或其他通常有权选举其董事或其他管理部门(不论如何指定)的股东权益，由借款人、一个或更多的实体实际拥有或者直接或间接控制，或者由借款人以及一个或更多的实体实际拥有或直接或间接控制。

(5)“Components'’ means those components and parts of Licensed Products which the Licensor may from time to time agree in writing to permit the Licensee to manufacture or procure within the territory (which the Licensor uses in its business operations for the production of such Licensed Products anywhere in the world)． “部件”，系指许可方随时书面允许被许可方，在区域内生产或购买的许可产品的构件及零配件(即许可方在世界任何地方的业务活动中用以生产特许产品的构件和零配件) (6)“Licensed Products'’ are any and all the products as listed in Schedule A attached hereto and all improvements in such products which may be developed by the Licensor during the Effective Period． “特许产品”的含义是指合同附表 A 中所列的所有产品和许可方在合同有效期内可能对这些产品做的全部改进。

(7)…this Contract Force Majeure shall mean any concurrence beyond the reasonable control 0f the parties. preventing or delaying, the performance Of this Contract including but not limited to：．．． 本合同规定的不可抗力至任何超出双方合理的控制力所发生的，阻碍或延误本合同履行的事件，包括，但不限于：…… (8)The “Products'’—mean the electric appliances as specifically described in Schedule 1 attached hereto． “产品”的含义是指合同附表一中具体介绍的电气产品 (9)“Start—up Period'’ means the period from the completion of construction of the production facilities until such time as the first of all types of products t0 be produced therein have been certified as being on specification and the Joint Venture Company is satisfied that the production facilities are capable of producing the agreed-upon products in the agreed-upon quantities． “试车期”，系指从生产设施竣工至生产出被证明符合规格的首批各类产品，合资公司认为该设施已具有按约定的产量和质量进行生产的能力时为止。

(10)“Net selling Price'’ means the price at which the Product is sold by Party B from time to time, after deduction of packaging, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax. if any directly applicable to the product．1n the event the product is used by Party B or its subsidiaries, “Net Selling Price'’ of such Product, for the purpose of determining the payment due hereunder with respect thereto, shall be the same as “Net Selling Price'’ at which Party B customarily sells comparable product to its customer in bona fide business transactions． “净销售价”是指在扣除合同产品的包装费、安装费、运输费、商业和数量折扣、佣金、保险费和商品税之后，乙方通常销售合同产品的价格。

若产品被乙方或其附属公司所用时，为确定本合同所规定的到期付款额，其销售净价应等同于乙方通常在善意交易中向顾客出售的类似产品的“净销售价 上述各例中的表达“系指”的词，归纳起来只有两个，即：to mean 和 to be在实践中，前者使用的频率较高，因为，对某关键词所下定义，意味着 to state precisely the meaning of the key words至于在 to mean 和 to be 之前是否冠以shall，则一般取决于该关键词是否属通常的定义，还是双方约定的定义如果系“通常的定义” (common definition)一般冠以 shall，试比较以下例句： (1)“Patent” shall mean the exclusive right granted by a government to an inventor to make, use, license, or sell a new device, process, mate。