现在完成时整理归纳.doc

现在完成时——讲解部分现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词1．表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） never (“从不” 用于中间处) ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just (“刚刚” 用于中间处) yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.1. 现在完成时的"完成用法" A、定义 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束但该动作对现在产生了影响与现在情况具有因果关系 例如He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了 ( 动作结束于过去但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了) B、特点 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续因此该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如already yet beforer ecently等)、频度时间状语(如never ever once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如this morning/ month /year...today等)连用。

例如 Have you found your pen yet? 你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2. 现在完成时的"未完成用法" A、定义 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去 例如He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来他一直住在这儿 (动作起始于1978年一直住到现在可能还要继续住下去) I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了 (动作开始于5年前一直延续至今有可能还要继续下去) B、特点 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如up to now=so far到目前为止)等 例如I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息 注意现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词如comegoarriveleavejoin become等。

现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情不强调对"现在"产生的影响 如 He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林只说明去桂林的时间) 2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去对现在造成了影响或产生了结果不与确定的过去时间状语连用如 Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。

着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) 3. 两种时态的区分 (1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"如The film started at 7 o’clock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用如yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用 have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法区别一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad(国外)二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次例如： I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。

例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了现在完成时——练习部分 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I_____ already _____ (see) the film. I ______(see) it last week. 2. ----- ______ he _______(finish) his work today ? ------Not yet . 3. -----_______you _________(be) to Hong Kong ? ----Yes, I ___________ (be) there twice . 4. -----___ you ever ____(eat ) chocolate ? ----No, never. 5. My father _______ just _______ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Where’ Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 7. Shanghai ______ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it ______(become) a large city. 8. So far I ________(make) quite a few friends here. 9. --- I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. --- Where and when _______ you ______ (see) it? --- Last week. 10. Mary _________ already __________ (have) her supper. 11. I _________ (not want) to see the film. I ________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday. 12. ---______ Uncle Wang ______ (mend) the TV yet? ---Yes, he______. ---When _____ he _____ it? --- Yesterday. 13. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet? 14 They _____ already______(do) their homework. But they don’t know what_______ (do) next. 15. ---______ you ________ (see) the film last night? ---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times. 请尝试着做以下的练习 1. I __________ (work) here since I _______ (move) here in 1999. 2. ---How long ____ the Smiths _____(stay)here? ---- For two weeks. 3. She ____________ (be) ill for three days. 4. She____________ (not read) this book before. 5. ____ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before? 6. --- ____ Wei Hua ________ (come) yet? ---Yes. She_______ (come) already. She ______ (come) just now. 7. --How long _____you __________(learn) English? ---For more than two years. 8. They _______________ (live) in China since they ________ (move) to China. 11. My father ____ just ___ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 现在完成时态练习一． 写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词 repair be begin pay。