
(完整word版)初中英语常用词语辨析大全.doc
64页初中英语常用词语辨析A............................................................. 1.at the moment\in a moment\for a moment\at the moment=right now"此时此刻",用于现在时in a moment = very soon “很快,立即”,一般用于将来时的句子for a moment “此刻,一会儿”表示时间的延续[例] He is out at the moment.此刻他不在家I will come back in a moment.我一会儿就回来Hold on for a moment.请稍候2.a few/ few(1)a few, few 用来修饰可数名词2)a few “有一些”,表示肯定概念,few 几乎没有,表示否定意义[例] The man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends.这个人在这里住了很多年了,他有一些朋友I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here.我刚来到这里,所以我在这里没有几个朋友。
3.a little/ little(1) a little, little 用于修饰不可数名词2) a little “有一些”,表示肯定概念little “几乎没有”,表示否定概念[例] There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水There is little water in the glass, so you can’t drink any.杯子里几乎没有水了,你不可能喝到水了 4.across / through二者都有“通过,穿过”的意思,都是介词,但“through“与空间有关,即一个人或物体从某空间之间穿过,如:Look out through the window, please.请从窗口往外看We have to walk through the gate to go into the factory.我们要走进这家工厂必须走过这一扇大门across也是“通过”、“跨过”,一般与位移的平面有关,即从一个平面的一头走到或越到另一头如:If you walk across the square, you will see the hotel there.如果你走到广场的另一端,你就看到旅馆了。
Be careful when you walk across the street.过马路时要小心注意:cross是及物动词而across是介词5.ago / beforeago 只用于一般过去时,表示从现在算起的一段时间以前[例]He died two years ago.他是两年前去世的before 后接“时间点”,可用于任何时态;它也可放在“时间段”后,用于完成时或一般过去时[例]I got there before 5 o’clock.我五点钟前到达那里I never saw him before.我以前没见过他He had done it two days before.他两天前就做过此事 6. already / yet/still(1) already 意为“已经”,常用于肯定句,与完成时和进行时连用为多用于疑问句时表示问话人持怀疑、惊异的态度如:Is it Sunday already? 已经到星期天啦?I have already finished it.我已经做完了2)yet 通常用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中作“已经”解,在否定句中作“还”、“尚未”解如:I haven’t learned it yet.我还不知此事。
Has he come yet? 他还没有来?(表疑问)............................................................. 7.arrive / reach/ get(1) arrive vi.arrive + in + 大地方(国家、城市等)arrive + at + 小地方(村庄、车站、码头等)He arrived in Nanning last week. 他上星期来到南宁2) get vi.\get to + 名词When did you get to the station yesterday? 你昨天什么时候到达火车站?reach vt.\reach + 名词Please write to me when you reach Beijing.你到北京后请给我写信当reach、arrive、get后接地点副词here、there、home时,不能后接任何介词如:I got/ arrive/ reached home late yesterday.我昨天很晚才到家 8. agree with/ agree on/ agree to(1)agree with(sb.)表示“与……意见一致”。
I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你的意见2)agree to(sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、plan等,“同意计划、安排”We all agreed to your plan. 我们同意你的计划3)agree on 表示“双方就...达成一致协议”China and the U.S.A. agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.中美双方就下次会议的时间、地点问题达成了协议 9. a bit/ a little二者都有“一点儿”的意思,用法上既有相同点,也有不同点1)相同点:都用来修饰形容词、副词及其比较级,也可修饰动词Get up a bit/ a little earlier, and you will see the star.起早一点你就会看到星星了2)不同点:①a little+不可数名词,a bit of+不可数名词He ate a little food/ a bit of food this morning.他今天早上吃了一点食物②a little 与a bit 和否定词连用,意义大不相同。
not a little 很,非常;\ not a bit 一点也不B............................................................1.by the way/ on the way/ in the way(1)by the way 常用作状语,意为“顺便问一下”,“顺便说一下”2)on the way “在……的路上”,后接名词时需加介词to,后接副词home、here、there时不加to3)in the way “挡路、妨碍”[例]Your car is in the way.你的小汽车挡路了He bought a pen on his/ the way to school.他在上学的路上买了一枝钢笔By the way, how old are you? 顺便问一下,你多大了?........................................................ 2. be afraid/ be afraid of/ be afraid for(1)be afraid意为“害怕”,如果后接宾语从句,意为“恐怕……”,用来表示常有歉意的回话或引出令人不满意的消息。
I am afraid I can’t help you.我恐怕帮不了你的忙2)be afraid of+名词/代词/动名词,意为“害怕某人/做某事”,往往指长期具有的心理状态I am afraid of going out at night.我害怕晚上出去be afraid for后习惯接表示人的代词,表示“替某人担心”如:I am afraid for you.我替你担心 3. be made of/be made in/be made by这三个短语都是及物动词make的被动结构,其后所接介词的不同,其所表达的意义就不同:be made of 后接的是表示材料的名词,“……由……组成”The desk is made of wood.(2)be made in 后接的是表示地点的名词,“……由……制造”The computer is made in China.这台电脑是中国制造的3)be made by 后接的名词是人,即“……是由……来制作(造)的”This ship is made by us Chinese.这艘船是我们中国人制造的 4. between/ among这两个词都有“在……之间(中)”的意思,但用法不同:(1)between用于表示双方之间的关系,不论双方的数目是多少。
The train runs between Beijing and Nanning.火车在北京和南宁两地间运行There is a tree between the two houses.这两座房子之间有一棵树2)among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上,在一群、一组或一个整体中间如:I saw him among the crowd.我看见他在人群中London is among the greatest cities of the world.伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一 5. borrow / lend(1)二者都有“借”的意思,使用时应注意以谁为中心的问题,borrow是以“我”为中心,“借进”的意思,常与from连用如:I’ve borrowed two books from the library.我从图书馆借了2本书2)lend是以“你”为中心,意为“借。
