广东省珠海九年级英语全册Unit9WhenwasitinventedThomasAlvaEdison发明家爱迪生文章素材人教新目标版.doc

《Unit 9 When was it invented-Thomas Alva Edison 发明家爱迪生》文章素材　　Thomas Alva Edison was a man of wonderful ability who had the good luck to be born at a good time. In the period just after the American Civil War the United States was growing conditions were right for the talents of a man like Edison.　　The Edison family had come to the United States from Holland in the early part of the l8th century．Thomas Alva the youngest of Samuel's seven children was born in 1847.　　Thomas was an unusually curious child．Even at an early age he loved to read and make experiments．Because he was so dreamy and quiet a teacher once accused him of being stupid．Thomas's mother was so displeased by this remark that she took her son out of school and never sent him back. She took charge of his education herself and taught him reading history science and philosophy．Edison was a very quick reader and he remembered everything．Once he got the idea of starting at the first shelf of a large library and reading everything in it．But after reading through fifteen feet of books he gave up this ambition.　　In order to earn money for books and for his scientific experiments Thomas sold vegetables from the family garden. This work did not bring in enough money and so he began to sell newspapers and candy on a train that ran between Port Huron Michigan and Detroit． Because people were so eager for the latest news about the Civil War which was then at its height Thomas decided in February 1862 when he was fifteen years old to print a newspaper of his own the Weekly Herald, in a baggage car of the train where he worked．In four years he earned two thousand dollars from this business.　　While he worked on the train young Edison continued to experiment setting up a laboratory in the baggage car. One day a stick of phosphorus feIl to the floor and set the car on fire． The conductor of the train as so angry that he threw Tom and all his equipment off the train at the next station； he also struck Tom causing a permanent injury which later made him deaf in the right ear.　　One day not long after he had started his newspaper, Edison saw a child playing on the tracks in front of a train. He jumped off the station platform and snatched the child from the wheels of the train. The father who happened to be the stationmaster was so grateful that he offered to teach Tom to become a telegraph operator．He gave him lessons four days a week after the station had closed for the night and in three weeks Edison was a better telegrapher than his teacher.　　Edison was sober and independent for his age, but hen was restless and very careless in his dress． He began to wander from city to city and from job to job． Because his ideas were too strange to please the men who hired him, they often asked him to leave． During this time, he worked in Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Memphis, and Louisville．　　Edison went to Boston's where he had been promised work as operator, mainly because of the neat handwriting in his letter of application, When he appeared in that city, he looked so untidy and strange that the superintendent asked him to return later in the day to take a test in telegraphy, with the idea of making the test so difficult that the young man could not possibly pass it, As the rapid message came in, Edison realized clerks in the station were playing a joke on him. They had arranged for the new York operator to send him a message, faster and faster, in an effort to make Edison admit that he could not write it down at such a rapid pace, But Edison was not discouraged. He decided to outwit these fellows, and he began to send a message himself. He said to the New York operator,“Come on, don't go to sleep．Get busy! That ended the joke, and Edison won his job, as well as the title of fastest telegraph operator in the Western Union Company.　　In 1869 he borrowed some money and went to New York． During the first three years he spent there, he nearly died of starvation. He slept in a room belonging to a company that sent information on stock prices to the business houses of New York． One day the machine that printed news about gold stopped．Six hundred banks and business houses were without information about what was being bought and sold that day. Edison succeeded in repairing the machine, and he was then offered a job as manager for $300 a month．He was soon hard at work making improvements in the machine and inventing new parts．His Universal Printer, invented at this time, printed full information about gold prices, instead of showing them only by a few letters and numbers． This was his first big success．GeneraI Marshall Lefferts, president of the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, bought this and several other inventions of Edison's for forty thousand dollars.　　Edison then put his new money to work．He opened a factory in Newark, New Jersey． Soon he had over one hundred and fifty men building machines to record stock prices, while he himself continued 。