存在句6117158168.ppt

存在句存在句6117158168I. Definition•A special type of sentence structure that denotes the existence of something new. e.g. Once there were a tiger and a fox in a big forest. One day, the tiger said to the fox…II. Structure There + be + NP. + Locative/temporal adverbialIII. Features1.there •introductory word, functions as formal subject Notes: there There are some books I want. There are the books I want.introductory: unstressed, meaninglessa fronted adverb: stressed, meaningful befinitenonfinite is, was, will beis going to be, has/have been, had been, there to be,there to have beenModals+ be,Modals + have beenSemi-auxiliaries + bethere being’there having beena.after prep. ‘for’;b. as object after Some transitive verbs a. after other preps. except ‘for’b. as subject c. as adverbial 2. Be Predicate verbe.g. •There can’t have been much traffic so late at night.•There appears to be no doubt about it.•They planned for there to be another meeting.• He was informed of there being a meeting in the afternoon.• I want there to be a big surprise for me.•There being a shopping mall nearby is great.•There having been an accident, the road was blocked.1. The exchange between finite be and non-finite be. I expect there to be a shower soon. I expect that there will be a shower soon.2. The Passive voice of Existential Sentence. There are said to be two escaping criminals in this town. On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet. On the following day, people held a splendid banquet. 3. Be can be replaced by some other verbs showing existence or moving like exist, live, stand, come, go, walk, reach, enter, rise, follow, ect.Note3. NP. notional subjectNote: •usually indefinite specific reference•NP. may carry modifiers. e.g. •There stands an awesome solider with a gun in his hands.• Is there any evidence proving him free of guilt?IV. Existential sentences other sentence patterns P489-490Ex. 28A, B, C。