2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题11（附答案详解）.docx

2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasts for one semester. While attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.                                                                                                      A                                              B                                                  C                                                                                                                                 D【答案】B lasts改为lasting【解析】【考查点】非谓语动词。

解题思路】根据句子中的逗号，可知each lasts for one semester不是完整独立的句子，动词last应该用非谓语动词，这部分对thirty-six courses进行修饰，指的是这36门课程的每一门课程持续一个学期，each和last是主动关系，用现在分词表示，因此B部分应为lasting句意】在美国的许多大学，获得学位全部需要学习的有36门课程，每门课程持续一个学期上大学的时候，学生每学期可能要上四、五门课2. 单选题Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.1. From the principles of the U.S. jury system, we learn that ________.2. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed ________.3. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, ________.4. In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on ________.问题1选项A.both literate and illiterate people can serve on juriesB.defendants are immune from trial by their peersC.no age limit should be imposed for jury serviceD.judgment should consider the opinion of the public问题2选项A.the inadequacy of antidiscrimination lawsB.the prevalent discrimination against certain racesC.the conflicting ideals in jury selection proceduresD.the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges问题3选项A.sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedB.educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsC.jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire communityD.states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system问题4选项A.its nature and problemsB.its characteristics and traditionC.its tradition and developmentD.its problems and their solutions【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】From the principles of the U.S. jury system, we learn that ________. 从美国陪审团制度的原则中，我们了解到________。

A. both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries A. 有无文化都可以担任陪审员B. defendants are immune from trial by their peers B. 被告不受其同侪的审判C. no age limit should be im。