跨文化交际masculinity-and-femininity.doc

Attitudes and behaviorsSocial values Social goals Gender role differences Assertiveness Family roles Toughness (Masculinity)Ambition, achievement, and maternal success Economic development; progress Different expectations for men and women; men are tough and women are less toughMen should be assertive and ambitious; women should not be ambitious but should teach children to be tough Fathers deal with facts and mothers deal with feelings Tenderness (Femininity)Caring for people and cooperation Protecting the environment; preserving what already existsFew differences in expectations for men and women; both should be tender No one should be too assertive or ambitious; everybody should be modest Both fathers and mothers deal with facts and feelings Expectations for children Resolving conflicts Management style Decision making Girls cry; boys don’t; boys should fight back when attacked; girls shouldn’t fightResolve conflicts by showing strength and fighting them out if necessary Managers should be resourceful, decisive and assertive; they are visibleAt meetings individuals show how good they are; decisions are made elsewhere Both boys and girls are allowed to cry but neither should fightResolve conflicts by compromise and negotiation Managers should be resourceful but not visible; they use intuition and strive for consensus At meetings common problems are discussed and solutions soughtSocial attitudes Opinion leaders Reward the strong; big and fast are beautiful The top student in class; the most successful businessmanSympathy for the weak; small and slow are beautiful The average student; the ordinary person 。