
英语语法——比较级与最高级用法总结.docx
10页比较级最高级语法总结比较级的相关用法;形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;(1)单音节词small →smaller →smallest short →shorter → shortesttall → taller→ tallest great → greater →greatest(2)双音节词clever →cleverer →cleverest narrow →narrower →narrowest2.以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;large →larger → largest nice →nicer →nicestable →abler →ablest3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;big →bigger →biggest hot →hotter →hottestfat →fatter →fattest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把 y 改为 i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;easy →easier →easiest heavy →heavier →heaviestbusy →busier →busiest happy →happier →happiest5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加 more,最高级在前面加 most;第 1 页beautiful → more beautiful → most beautifuldifferent → more different → most differenteasily → more easily → most easily注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2) 形容词 most 前面没有 the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记good/well →better →best bad/ill →worse →worstold →older/ elder →oldest/eldest many/much →more →mostlittle →less →least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest修饰比较级和最高级的词1. far 用于比较级之前,加强语气;It is far colder today than yesterday .2. by far 最高级之前,加强语气;用来强调比较级,放在比较级之后; 放在前面时,则常需在比较级之前加上定冠词 the .The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world .The old woman became better by far .Riding a bicycle is by far the easier than driving a car .3.very 与 much 区别联系;1). 修饰形容词或副词的原级用 very ,不用 much .In his early childhood , Einstein did not seem to be very bright .在童年时代,爱因斯坦似乎不很聪明。
第 2 页2).修饰动词时,应用 much ,不用 very ,但可用 very much I don’t like football much (very much ). 我不很喜欢踢足球3).much 放在形容词或副词的比较级之前,起强调作用;或修饰形容词或副词的最高级,放在定冠词 the 之前;very 修饰形容词的最高级,放在定冠词 the 之后;It is much hotter today than (it was ) yesterday . 今天比昨天热得多Mr. Smith is much the best teacher in the school .Mr. Smith is the very best teacher in the school . 史密斯先生是该学校最好的老师典型例题;----I hear your aunt likes travel ,music , clothes and fine food .----Oh , Yeah, and music may have been of her tastes .A. the rather more respectable B. much the most respectableC. very the most respectable D. even more respectable [B]4.比较级前面不能再加 more 了,more 只能和原级形容词构成比较级.more important.5. a lot, lots , a great deal 修饰比较级,表示程度,词组中不带 of .6. rather 一词与比较级及 too 连用,fairly / quite 则不能。
7. a little , a bit, a few , slightly 稍微,一些,一点 ,比较级前起强调作用This kind of bicycle is slightly more expensive than that kind .8. even , much , still , yet 甚至,更,还要;比较级前起强调作用,That job is so easy , and this job is yet easier .9. some , any 也可以修饰比较级;some 常用于肯定的陈述句以及表示建议或邀请的疑问句; any 常用于否定句,疑问句,条件句中第 3 页-----Is he any better?------Yes . He is some better today .10.用分数,百分数,倍数或时间,长度的名词词组来修饰比较级,可确切表示比较程度He is one inch taller than I .Our classroom is two feet wider than theirs .11. much more +不可数名词 than ---;many more + 可数名词 than ---- 比较级作定语修饰名词He has made more progress this year than he did last year .more 句中是 much 的比较级,作不可数名词 progress 的定语,若要说“比去年进步大得多”就要用 much 来强调。
I have many more books than you .It takes many more hours to go by train from Beijing to Nanjing than to Tianjin.比较级作定语修饰可数名词,more 是 many 的比较级,若强调,就用 many 来加强语气典型例题1) ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes,I'm fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite 修饰原级,well 的比较级为 better.2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案 C. much 可修饰比较级,因此 B,C 都说得通,但 easier 本身已是比较级,不需 more,因此 C 为正确答案3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time [D]第 4 页4.------- Look , I have got a rare stamp here . It cost me two hundred dollars .------Oh , I have a rarer one ; my uncle gave it to me as a birthday gift .A. much B. yet C. very D. more [B]比较级和最高级的用法1.两者相比(甲=乙),用“as+原级+as”表示Tom is as tall as Mike.2.两者相比(甲〈 乙),用“not as(so) +原级+as”或“less than”表示I didn’t do my homework so(as) carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3.两者相比(甲〉乙),用“比较级+than”表示Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意:1) 为了避免重复,在从句中常用 one, that, those 等词来代替前面提过的名词。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.4 比较级前一般不用冠词,但若表示“两者中较……时”,比较级前要加定冠词若比较级后有名词,常在比较级前加不定冠词,表示泛指He is the taller of the two.他是两者中较高的一个How beautifully she si。
