
第二讲直译与意译.ppt
40页第二讲第二讲 直译与意译直译与意译oA man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as of men.o译文一:译文一:o人们往往可以从一个人所交的朋友以及所阅人们往往可以从一个人所交的朋友以及所阅读的书目中看到他的为人,因为,人与人之读的书目中看到他的为人,因为,人与人之间存在友谊,人与书之间也存在友谊间存在友谊,人与书之间也存在友谊o译文二:译文二:o所谓欲知其人,先观其友;观其阅读书目,所谓欲知其人,先观其友;观其阅读书目,亦能知其人,因人可与人为友,亦可与书为亦能知其人,因人可与人为友,亦可与书为友直译意译o翻译按照所使用的方法来分,可以分为:翻译按照所使用的方法来分,可以分为:o1 1、直译、直译(literal translation)o2 2、意译、意译(free/liberal translation)oCan you give us a definition about literal / liberal translation?oWhat is a literal translation?oA literal translation is a translation that follows closely the form of the source language.oAlso known as: word-for-word translation or direct translation oIn translation studies literal translation has the meaning of technical translation of scientific, technical, technological or legal texts. oWhat is a free translation?oA free translation is a translation that reproduces the general meaning of the original text. oIt may or may not closely follow the form or organization of the original text.oWhen providing a free translation, the translator considers the culture of the original document, understands the nuances of the original language, and takes into account idiomatic expressions. oThe result is a finished product that comes alive to the reader with the actual intent of the original. oLiteral translation & Liberal translationWhich one is better than the other???o““直译,意译,各有千秋,译者依据直译,意译,各有千秋,译者依据功能、功能、审美、读者层审美、读者层等三要素,等三要素,宜直译就直译,宜宜直译就直译,宜意译就意译意译就意译,能神游于规矩之内,亦能神游,能神游于规矩之内,亦能神游于规矩之外,能循规蹈矩,亦能叛道离经,于规矩之外,能循规蹈矩,亦能叛道离经,方称得上翻译的行家里手。
方称得上翻译的行家里手o ------辜正昆辜正昆oEugene A. Nida is the developer of the dynamic-equivalence Bible-translation theory.oDynamic equivalence and formal equivalence are two approaches to translation.oDynamic equivalence attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness, original word order, the source text's grammatical voice, etc.), while formal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (if necessary, at the expense of natural expression in the target language). o注意避免两种倾向:注意避免两种倾向:o1 1、避免死译、避免死译(rigid translation)oThe development of an economical artificial heart is only a few transient failures away.o发展一个经济的人工心脏只是几个短暂的失发展一个经济的人工心脏只是几个短暂的失败。
败o只消再经过几次失败,就能造出价格低廉的只消再经过几次失败,就能造出价格低廉的人工心脏了人工心脏了o2 2、避免过度意译、避免过度意译(unduly free/over free translation)o------胡译、乱译、曲译胡译、乱译、曲译oThe sea is rippled with little white ponies.o大海掀起涟漪,像奔腾的小马驹大海掀起涟漪,像奔腾的小马驹练习练习oIt seems to me that what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.o我觉得煮母鹅用什么酱,煮公鹅也要用什么我觉得煮母鹅用什么酱,煮公鹅也要用什么酱酱o我认为如何律人就应该如何律己我认为如何律人就应该如何律己oHis retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar.o他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的o他用非常尖酸刻薄的口气进行了反驳他用非常尖酸刻薄的口气进行了反驳oI gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.o我把我的青春献给了大海,我回到家里,给我把我的青春献给了大海,我回到家里,给了我的妻子我的老年。
了我的妻子我的老年o我把青春献给了大海,我回到家和我的妻子我把青春献给了大海,我回到家和我的妻子共度晚年共度晚年o我把青春献给了海洋,等我回到家里时,已我把青春献给了海洋,等我回到家里时,已经是白发苍苍了经是白发苍苍了oA: What does the lawyer do after he dies?oB: Lie still.oA: 那个律师死后还能干什么?那个律师死后还能干什么?oB:静静地躺着静静地躺着o 躺着说鬼话躺着说鬼话o 即使安静地躺下了仍然要撒谎即使安静地躺下了仍然要撒谎oSmashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.o砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散问题烟消云散 oAs a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and devotion to the company from all his employees.o他当老板非常苛刻,要求所有雇员对公司忠他当老板非常苛刻,要求所有雇员对公司忠心不二,竭尽全力。
心不二,竭尽全力Cultural Time: Confuciuso孔子是我国古代伟大的思孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和想家和教育家教育家,,儒家学派儒家学派创始人,世界最著名的文创始人,世界最著名的文化名人之一与孟子并称化名人之一与孟子并称“孔孟孔孟”,孔子被尊为,孔子被尊为“至圣至圣”,孟子为,孟子为“亚圣亚圣” oConfucius was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher. Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家儒家). oKong Qiu (孔丘孔丘), as Confucius is commonly known, is a combination of his surname (孔孔) and his given name (丘丘), and he was also known as Zhong Ni (仲尼仲尼), which is his courtesy name. He was born in 551 BC in the Lu state in the later days of the Spring and Autumn Period. o孔子,名孔丘,字仲尼,孔子,名孔丘,字仲尼,春秋时期春秋时期鲁国人,鲁国人,出生于出生于551BC551BC。
The mansion of ConfuciusThe temple of ConfuciusThe tomb of ConfuciusConfucianismoConfucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius .oIt is a complex system of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious thought that has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of East Asia. oCultures and countries strongly influenced by Confucianism include mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, and Vietnam, as well as various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people, such as Singapore. Japan was influenced by Confucianism in a different way.oConfucianism holds that one should give up one's life, if necessary, either passively or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values of ren and yi. oHumanity is core in Confucianism. oThe classical Wuchang (五常五常) consisting of five elements: Ren (仁仁, Humanity), Yi (義義, Righteousness), Li (禮禮, Ritual), Zhi (智智, Knowledge), Xin (信信, Integrity), o““三纲三纲””即即““君为臣纲君为臣纲””、、““父为子纲父为子纲””、、““夫为妻纲夫为妻纲 ””othe three cardinal guides :o ruler guides subjecto father guides son o husband guides wifeorén (仁仁). Rén is the virtue of perfectly fulfilling one's responsibilities toward others, most often translated as "benevolence" or "humaneness"; oLunyu (English: Analects )oalso known as the Analects of Confucius, are considered a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held. oWritten during the Spring and Autumn Period through the Warring States Period (ca. 475 BCE - 221 BCE), the Analects is the representative work of Confucianism and continues to have a tremendous influence on Chinese and East Asian thought and values today.oSince Confucius' time, the Analects has heavily influenced the philosophy and moral values of China and later other East Asian countries as well. Together with the other three volumes of the Four Books, it taught the basic Confucian values including social and ritual propriety (禮禮/礼礼), righteousness, loyalty, and filial piety, all centered about the central thought of Confucius – humanity and the "proper man" or "gentleman" (君子君子).oFour Great Classical Novels :othe Great Learningothe Doctrine of the Meanothe Analects of Confucius o the Menciuso己所不欲己所不欲, ,勿施于人勿施于人 !!!!!!oDo not do to others what you don't want to be done to you. o温故而知新,可以为师矣。
温故而知新,可以为师矣oA man who is able to review past knowledge and acquire new knowledge is qualified to be a teacher .o有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?oHow happy we are, to meet friends from afar! oIs it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?oThank you!!!。












