汽车专业英语课件.ppt

STRUCTURE of the Professional EnglishAutomotive Maintenance and RepairAutomotive BasicsAutomotive Marketing and Service Automotive Design and ManufacturingSection 1 Automotive Basics第一篇 汽车基础Chapter 1 General Information Basic Parts Classification Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Operation Classifications Block And Head Piston And Connecting Rod Crankshaft Valve System Fuel Injection Direct Injection Common Rail Cooling LubricationChapter 3 Power Train Clutch M/T A/T CVT AMT DCT Chapter 4 Steering and Suspension SystemsChapter 5 Braking SystemsChapter 6 Electrical And Electronic Systems Power Sourse Startor Alternator Lights Signals Anti-theft Air-conditioning本部分讲授内容本部分讲授内容New Wordscategory['kætigəri]n.种种类类，，类类型，范畴型，范畴manifold['mænifəuld]a.多种形式的多种形式的 n.歧管歧管styling['stailiŋ]n.花花[式式]样样streamlined['stri:mlaind]a.流线型的流线型的, 现代化的现代化的chassis['∫æsi]n.底盘底盘coolant['ku:lənt]n.冷却液，冷却剂冷却液，冷却剂lubrication[ֽlu:bri'kei∫ən]n.润滑润滑ignition[ig'ni∫ən]n.点火点火, 点燃点燃1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.1 EngineNew Wordstransmission[trænz'mi∫ən]n.变速器，传动变速器，传动, 传动系统，传送，传动系统，传送，发射发射clutch[klʌ ʌt∫]n.离合器离合器hydraulic[hai'drɔ ɔ:lik]a.液压的，水压的，水力的液压的，水压的，水力的manoeuvre[mə'nu:və]=maneuvre v.策划，机动；策划，机动；n.策略策略, 调动调动drum[drʌ ʌm]n.鼓鼓, 鼓声；鼓声；v.击鼓击鼓pedal['pedl]n.踏板踏板1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.1 EngineNew Wordsignition[ig'ni∫ən]n.点火点火, 点燃点燃ignite[ig'nait]v.点火点火, 点燃点燃carburetor['kɑ:bjuretə]n.化油器化油器combustible[kəm'bʌ ʌstəbl]a.易燃的易燃的axle['æksl]n.轮轴轮轴, 车轴车轴suspension[səs'pen∫ən]n.悬架，悬浮悬架，悬浮, 悬浮液悬浮液, 暂停暂停, 中止中止, 悬悬而未决而未决differential[ֽdifə'ren∫əl]n.差速器，微分；差速器，微分；a.微分的，差动的微分的，差动的1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.1 EngineToday's average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipments，，see Fig.1-1.Fig.1-1 basic parts of a car1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.1 Engine The engine acts as the power unit. There are two types of engine: gasoline engine (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel engine (also called a compression-ignition engine). All engines have fuel, exhaust, cooling, and lubrication systems. Gasoline engines also have an ignition system. The ignition system supplies the electric spark needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. The fuel system stores liquid fuel and delivers it to the engine. The fuel is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture in the carburetor, the manifold, or the cylinders themselves. The cooling system removes excessive heat from the engine. Air and a coolant are used to carry away the heat. The lubrication system is important in keeping the engine running smoothly. Motor oil is the lubricant used in the system. 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.1 Engine An automobile body (Fig.1-2) provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modem appearance for the vehicle. It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at the driving speeds.1.1.2 Body 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile Fig.1-2 An automobile body The chassis includes the power train, suspension, steering, and brake systems. The power train system comprises clutch, transmission, propeller shaft, rear axle and differential and the driving road wheels. The clutch or torque converter has the task of disconnecting and connecting the engine's power from and to the driving wheels of the vehicle. The main purpose of the transmission or gearbox is to provide a selection of gear ratios between the engine and driving wheels, so that the vehicle can operate satisfactorily under all driving conditions. Gear selection may be done manually by the driver or automatically by a hydraulic control system. The function of the propeller (drive) shaft is to transmit the drive from the gearbox to the input shaft of the rear axle and differential assembly. Flexible joints allow the rear axle and wheels to move up and down without affecting operation. The rear axle and differential unit transmits the engine's rotational power through 90° from propeller shaft to axle shaft to road wheels. A further function is to allow each driving wheel to turn at a different speed when cornering. A third function is to introduce another gear ratio for torque multiplication. 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.3 Chassis The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants, thus helping to keep the vehicle on a controlled and level course, regardless of road conditions. The steering system provides the means by which the front wheels are directionally turned. The steering system may be power assisted to reduce the effort required to turn the steering wheel and make the vehicle easier to manoeuvre. The braking system on a vehicle has three main functions. It must be able to reduce the speed of the vehicle, when necessary; it must be able to stop the car in as short a distance as possible; it must be able to hold the vehicle stationary. Each wheel has a brake assembly, of either the drum type or the disc type, hydraulically operated when the driver applies the foot brake pedal.1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.3 Chassis The electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of a battery, and an alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 1.1.4 Electrical EquipmentChapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile New Wordssedan[si'dæn]n.轿车轿车, 轿子轿子enclosed[in'klouzd]a.封闭的封闭的, 密闭的密闭的pick-up['pikʌp]n.拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），传感器传感器gross[grous]a.总的总的, 毛重的毛重的; n.总额总额coach[kout∫]n.四轮大马车四轮大马车, 长途客车长途客车, 教练教练rigid['ridʒid]a.刚硬的刚硬的, 刚性的刚性的, 严格的严格的axle['æksl]n.轮轴轮轴, 车轴车轴articulated[ɑ:'tikjuleitid]a.铰接铰接(的的), 有关节的有关节的New WordsChapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile capacity[kə'pæsiti]n.容量容量, 生产量生产量, 才能才能, 能力能力commuter[kə'mju:tə]n.长期月票使用者长期月票使用者luxurious[lʌg'zjuəriəs]a.奢侈的奢侈的, 豪华的豪华的Chapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile Motor vehicles can be classified depending on the following features: ·Uses of vehicle. Motor vehicles can be divided into passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Passenger cars are primarily intended for use in transporting people, as well as their luggage and other small cargo. The number of seats, including that of the driver, is restricted to nine. Commercial vehicles are designed to transport people and cargo and for pulling trailers, see Fig.1-3. ·Body shapes. A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles (Fig. 1-4).  Chapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile  Chapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile Fig.1-4 Body shapes Multi-purpose vans (MPV) can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available. The pick-up carries goods. Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass. The bodies of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose. Buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehicles, but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. Sometimes articulated buses are used to increase capacity. Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck. Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious and used for long distances. 。