(精品英语句子结构大全.pdf

英语句子结构大全 最新好资料推荐-如有侵权请联系网站删除 精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 句子的基本结构 一、句子的基本成分 句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语 1、主语:句子的主体，全句述说的对象一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首 The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you. 2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后 The train leaves at 6 o’clock. She is reading. 3、宾语:表示动作的对象一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后 He won the game. He likes playing computer. 4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词之后 He is a student. We are tired. 注意:除了 be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等 3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语例如: I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后例如: The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰 adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活 1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。

In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于 be 动最新好资料推荐-如有侵权请联系网站删除 精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前 We often help him. He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况由 n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任常位于宾语后 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.( 名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 二、句子的基本分类 1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法例如: Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快说明事实) The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味说明看法) 2)疑问句:提出问题有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句: Can you finish the work in time? b. 特殊疑问句: Where do you live? c. 选择疑问句: Do you want tea or coffee? d. 反意疑问句: He doesn't know her, does he? 3)祈使句:提出请求，建议或发出命令例如: Don't be nervous! 4)感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪例如: What good news it is! 2、按其结构，句子可以分为以下三类: 1)简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。

例如: She is fond of collecting stamps. 2)并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接例如: The food was good, but he had little appetite. 3)复合句:包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引最新好资料推荐-如有侵权请联系网站删除 精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 导例如: The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 五种句型结构：1.主语＋谓语；2.主语＋系动词＋表语；如：The tree (主) gets（系）green(表).3.主语＋谓语＋宾语；如：I (主) like (谓) she (宾). 4.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语.（即双宾语结构）如：I (主)didn't go(谓)to school(间宾) but home(直宾). 5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（即宾补）.如：I (主)carry(谓) a dictionary (宾)with me everywhere I go(宾补). 。