学生用-高中英语阅读理解专题之-猜测词义.doc

高中英语阅读理解专项之 猜想词义【命题特点】考察根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考核对语境的分析和把握的能力常用考法】1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词浮现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。

这些修饰成分可以协助我们推断出生词的语义（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute（指2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以反复或解释3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句4）尚有下某些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表达后文要继续解释阐明前文eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. ( )2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶） at a time. （ ）Exercises:1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ___________2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. ___________3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. __________4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks. _________5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ___________Test 1 There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms. 61. What is ARICEPT？ （ ）A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’sB. A medicine to delay signs of aging.C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.D. A medicine to cure brain damage.Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.（1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （ ）A. place in which you can see many mobile homesB. mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food二．运用例证猜想语义某些阅读文章为了证明或阐明某一观点，常会举某些例子，并且时时会用某些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。

eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. __________2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.Exercises:1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. ___________2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin. ___________3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. ___________Test The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices –--- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. 56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to _______. （ ）A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers三．运用反义关系或同义关系推测语义（1）运用反义关系推测语义 有些生词的背面往往会浮现一种或几种反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以协助我们推断生词语义。

标志词有 although, but, however, whereas（反之）,nevertheless（然而，但是），on the contrary, in contrast, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead（of）, rather than 等2）运用同义关系推测语义一般状况下，英语忌讳实词反复避免反复的措施之一是运用同义词或近义词替代同义词替代的修饰措施可觉得我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索标志词有：or, like, similarly等eg.1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. _____ 2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. ____ Exercises: 1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby. ______2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous. ___________3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. 4. He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. ________5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy，we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. _______Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an anim。