2023年研究生入学考试英语二真题.doc

2023年研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I  Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has  1  across the Web.Can privacy be preserved  2   bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly  3   ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a  4  to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech  5  of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled  6  one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential  7  to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to  8  a federation of private online identity systems. User could  9  which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license      10    by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to   11  just once but use many different services.  12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a   13  community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with  14  ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure  15  which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has  16  privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would  17  be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with  18  by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet  19  .They argue that all Internet users should be  20  to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1．A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2．A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3．A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4．A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal5．A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6．A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7．A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8．A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9．A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10．A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11．A.carry on B.linger onC.set in D.log in12．A.In vainB.In effectC.In return D.In contrast13．A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competing14．A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15．A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16．A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17．A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18．A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19．A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20．A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSection II   Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text  1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2023: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2023 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2023. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability t。