Fragments不完整句讲解实用教案.ppt

￿￿￿￿￿￿￿Every sentence must have a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought. A word group that lacks a subject or a verb and does not express a complete thought is a fragment. Following are the most common types of fragments that people write.Fragment第1页/共18页第一页，共19页•Dependent-word fragments• 从属词不完整句•-ing and to fragments• 现在(xiànzài)分词和不定式不完整句•Added-detail fragments• 附加细节不完整句•Missing-subject fragments• 主语缺位不完整句Fragment第2页/共18页第二页，共19页Dependent-word￿fragments•Some word groups that begin with a dependent word are fragments. Following is a list of common dependent words.第3页/共18页第三页，共19页。

从属从属(cóngshǔ)词词:after/although/though/as/because/before/even though/how/if/even if/ in order that/since/that/so that/unless/until/what/whatever/when/whenever/where/wherever/whether/which/whichever/while/who/whoseDependent Words第4页/共18页第四页，共19页Dependent-word￿fragments•Examples:After I cashed my paycheck. I treated myself to dinner.After I cashed my paycheck, I treated myself to dinner.I won’t leave the house. Until I hear from you.I won’t leave the house until I hear from you.第5页/共18页第五页，共19页How￿to￿correct￿?•1.Attaching it to the sentence that comes after it or the sentence that comes before it: I won’t leave the house until I hear from you. (This fragment has been attached to the sentence that comes before it.)•2.Simply to eliminate the dependent word by rewriting the sentence: I cashed my paycheck and then treated myself to dinner. I will wait to hear from you.第6页/共18页第六页，共19页。

-ing￿and￿to￿fragments•When an –ing word appears at or near the start of a word group, a fragment may result. •Such fragments often lack a subject and part of the verb.第7页/共18页第七页，共19页•Examples:1. Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterday. Trying to find her dog Bo. Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterday trying to find her dog Bo.2. We sat back to watch the movie. Not expecting anything special. We sat back to watch the movie. We didn’t expect anything special.-ing and to fragments第8页/共18页第八页，共19页。

How￿to￿correct￿–ing￿fragments￿?•1.Attach the fragment to the sentence that comes before it or the sentence that comes after it, whichever makes sense.•2.Add a subject and change the –ing verb part to the correct form of the verb.•3.Change being to the correct form of the verb be (am, is, are, was, were )第9页/共18页第九页，共19页-ing￿and￿to￿fragments现在分词(fēn cí)结构位于主句之后,前面需加逗号的通常有两种情况:1. 现在分词(fēn cí)及其短语作非限制性定语,表示对 先行词的进一步解释与说明He was a great realist, writing about ordinary men and women in their misfortunes.2. 现在分词(fēn cí)结构做表示伴随或结果的状语.He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after. 注: 表目的的现在分词(fēn cí)放主句之后时前面不用逗号.第10页/共18页第十页，共19页。

How￿to￿correct￿to￿fragments?1. When to appears at or near the start of a word group, a fragment sometimes results: e.g. At the Chinese restaurant, Tim used chopsticks. To impress his date. He spent one hour eating a small bowl of rice. 2. The second word group is a fragment and can be corrected by adding it to the preceding sentence: e.g. At the Chinese restaurant, Tim used chopsticks to impress his date.￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿第11页/共18页第十一页，共19页Added-detail￿fragments•Added-detail fragments lack a subject and a verb. They often begin with one of the following words:•also/especially/except/for example•like/including/such as 第12页/共18页第十二页，共19页。

Added-detail￿fragments•Examples:1.Before a race, I eat starchy foods. Such as bread and spaghetti. The carbohydrates provide quick energy.Before a race, I eat starchy foods such as bread and ....2. Bob is taking a night course in auto mechanics. Also, one in plumbing. He wants to save money .…Also, he is taking one in plumbing….第13页/共18页第十三页，共19页How￿to￿correct￿?•1. Attach the fragment to the complete thought that precedes it.•2. Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence. •3. Insert the fragment within the preceding sentence. 第14页/共18页第十四页，共19页。

Missing-subject￿fragments•Examples:1. Alicia loved getting wedding presents. But hated writing thank-you notes. Alicia loved getting wedding presents but hated writing thank-you notes.2. Mickey has orange soda and potato chips for breakfast. Then eats more junk food, like root beer and cookies, for lunch. … …Then he eats more junk food, like ….第15页/共18页第十五页，共19页How￿to￿correct￿?•1. Attach the fragment to the preceding sentence•2. Add a subject (which can often be a pronoun standing for the subject in the preceding sentence)第16页/共18页第十六页，共19页。

end第17页/共18页第十七页，共19页谢谢您的观看(guānkàn)！第18页/共18页第十八页，共19页内容(nèiróng)总结Every sentence must have a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought.after/although/though/as/because/before/since/that/so that/unless/until/2. 现在分词结构做表示伴随或结果的状语(zhuàngyǔ).谢谢您的观看第十九页，共19页。