吴澄的诗论及诗歌蹊径.pdf

吳澄的詩論及詩歌蹊徑 Wu Cheng's Thoughts on Poetry and His Approaches to Creative Writing 葉倬瑋 哲學碩士學位課程 主導老師： 陳致博士 香港浸會大學 二零零四年八月 1 提要提要 吳澄是元代的理學家、詩人他著述豐富，探討過不少詩學問題，亦寫有五百多首詩他對詩歌的探索，在文學批評史、文學史及理學家的詩歌蹊徑諸方面都有一定的貢獻 本文第一章分析理學家之詩歌蹊徑理學家之詩歌典範自邵雍而立，後來之理學家及評詩者多喜踵武前人，致此典範樹之彌堅朱熹則為理學家之詩歌蹊徑辟其草萊，他以實踐來證明理學之修為無礙於詩歌上的成就吳澄繼承前儒之論，並作大膽開拓他認為作詩該以得道為目的，得道在於濟世，此貼近社會現實的看法實為其詩論之基調第二章解構吳澄的詩論吳澄對詩史之理解，與其賞析標準及論詩原則分不開道與詩之關係是吳澄經常討論之課題，這又和詩歌法度息息相關，其中可見他對傳統儒家詩學的吸收及反省又，他論詩以自然而然地反映性情為尚，並提出超然悟入的真詩境界，這方面他的論述是深刻而且豐富的第三章探討吳澄的詩歌創作除了吟詠性情之作外，亦有典型理學家之詩、反映現實、以及詠史、紀遊及詠物等題材，風格不一，和一般理學家之詩不同。

第四章則評論吳澄詩論及詩作的價值其詩論之眼光甚高，元明兩代詩人與詩論家在不同層面地或受其濡染，或立意竟同從文學史上看，其詩之地位不高，這與其詩的實際成就有關，也與其大儒的地位有關然而，吳澄的意義在理學家之詩歌蹊徑裡是不可忽視的，其詩論處處可見打破門戶之呼聲，他對陸學的吸收亦影響了其思考方法比之前儒，吳澄的詩論較貼近詩人和現實，這使我們不能不重新審視其意義 3 Abstract Wu Chen 吳澄 was a Neo-Confucian poet of the Yuan Dynasty, who had both a flair for poetic composition and an acumen sense of criticism in poetic theory. Wu Chen provided us many interesting thoughts, which contributed in many aspects of poetics, such as poetic criticism, history of poetic thought and the Neo-Confucian approaches in poetic writing. I start dealing with the poetic pursuit of Neo-Confucians during the Song Dynasty in this thesis, and find that most of them emulated the prototype set up by Shao Yong and his disciples and followers. Zhu Xi, another Neo-Confucian scholar and poet of Southern Song dynasty, illuminated the norm with his practice in poetic composition. Wu Chen followed the Neo-Confucian tradition theoretically, and developed his own as well. Wu considers that tao should be the ultimate objective of any type of art creation, and tao is related to the benefit and welfare of the human society. This paper investigates the Wu’s view of poetic history, the relations between tao and customary rules of poem writing, and the ideal standard of poems. Another focus of this paper is the poem writing of Wu Chen. This issue is dealt with by dividing his poetic styles into a few different types: such as poems expressive of his political ambition, poems descriptive of tao, poems concerned with realities, and etc. Although Wu Cheng did not accomplish the achievements that he aimed to in his poem writing, he displayed a particular stylistic character different from the norm that other contemporary Neo-confucian poets fell in. Finally, this thesis reassesses the poetic theories of Wu Cheng, especially his theories on poem composition, poetic history, poetic criticism and the Neo-Confucian thought on poetry. His poetic works, though he had left more than 500 poems, were pretty much disregarded by latecomers, whereas his poetic theories are surely of importance among 4 those of the Neo-Confucian scholar-poets. It was Wu Cheng who pointed out another Neo-Confucian way of poetic writing which was different from the traditional one, and the approach Wu attempted was also followed by a number of Yuan and Ming scholar-poets. 5 目錄目錄 聲明聲明 i 提要提要 ii Abstract iii 目錄目錄 v 謝辭謝辭 vii 引言引言 1 第一章 理學家之詩歌蹊徑第一章 理學家之詩歌蹊徑 3 小引 3 第一節 邵雍之詩歌典範 3 第二節 朱熹之詩歌蹊徑 14 第三節 吳澄之文學目的 28 小結 38 第二章 吳澄的詩論第二章 吳澄的詩論 39 小引 39 第一節 吳澄對詩史的認識 39 第二節 詩道與法度 55 第三節 由模擬到自然再超然悟入 64 小結 75 6 第三章 吳澄的創作實踐第三章 吳澄的創作實踐 77 小引 77 第一節 吟詠性情之詩 77 第二節 以學術為詩、以詩體現理趣 84 第三節 詩與現實社會 89 第四節 其他題材的表現 95 小結 99 第四章 評價吳澄第四章 評價吳澄 101 小引 101 第一節 吳澄與文學批評史 101 第二節 吳澄於詩史的位置 109 第三節 吳澄與理學家的詩歌蹊徑 116 小結 120 結論結論 121 徵引書目徵引書目 123 履歷履歷 128 7 。