新概念二册L1-L24课语法总结.doc

L1 五大基本句型1. 主+谓 The sun rises . 2. 主+谓+宾 I love you . 3. 主+系+ 表 The roses are beautiful . 4. 主+谓+宾+ 宾补 English is driving me crazy . 5 . 主+谓+双宾 I sent you an e-mail . 句子基本结构：主谓宾定状补表L2频度副词的位置：实前 be 后或助后感叹句的两种结构：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+ 谓语)!What a good girl (she is)! How + adj. / adv. + 主语+ 谓语！ How lovely the girl is ! 瞬间动词的进行时表将来，常见的瞬间动词有：go, come, leave,arrive,land,meet, die, start, return…L3 表‘给予’意思的动词后面可以跟双宾语，常见的动词有：give , bring , teach , show , send , make , lend , owe , tell , sell , read , write , offer , pass , choose , find , leave , get , play , hand , do , buy , order L4 常常和现在完成时连用的时间状语：since + 点时间 ， for + 短时间， … times , so far , up to now , 现完时态中如出现 since + 点时间 或 for + 短时间 ，则该句子中的动词应使用延续性动词。

如：I have borrowed this book for two weeks (x) I have kept this book for two weeks . (∨) L5 关于 way 的短语总结in this way 以这种方法 ， on the way (to) 在去…的路 ， in the way 挡路，out of the way 让路 ， no way 没门，in a way 从某种程度上说 L6 关于 call 的短语和 knock 的短语Call on sb. 拜访某人， call at sb. 拜访某地 ， call in 召集， call off 取消，call out 大喊， call up sb. 给某人打，call for 需要Knock at 敲 ， knock sb. over 把某人撞倒 ， knock sth. off somewhere , 把某物从某处碰掉， knock off the price 打折， knock off 下班 ， knock sb. out 把某人打昏L7 When 当…时候，表示 ‘点时间’ 或‘ 段时间’ ，主句和从句的动作可同时发生，也可先后分别发生，谓语动词可以是短暂动词，也可以是延续动词。

When he called , I was having a bath . When she was sleeping , I got his phone call . While 只表示‘段时间’，主句动作发生在从句动作的过程之中，从句谓语动词是延续动词或表示状态的动词，强调同时进行的两个延续动作相伴随而发生，常对同类动作进行比较常翻译成‘而...’ / ‘与此同时’ I was reading my history textbook while he was playing the guitar . (与此同时) I like English while you like Math . (而) L8 比较级的常见用法：The + 比较级，the + 比较级 ‘越…就越…’ The more trees we planted , the less pollution we will have . 比较级+ and + 比较级 越来越… Our environment is becoming worse and worse . A is not as … as B = A is not so … as B ， A 不如 B 。

English is not as difficult as B. = English is not so difficult as B. L9 常见的表示时间的介词用法：At 表具体时间：at 8 o’clock 固定搭配： at midnight , at noon , at teatime , at the weekend , etc . 节日前： at Christmas , at Easter , etc . In 表示一段时间： in ten minutes , in half and hour , etc . 年份前： in 1900 / 1939 / 1993 etc . 季节前：in (the) spring , in (the) summer , ( the is optional ) 一天中的时间段: in the morning /afternoon / evening ( at night ) On 星期前： on Monday , etc . 日期前 on April 27th 早，中，晚前面出现形容词：on Monday morning , 带 day 的节日前：on Christmas Day , on Mothers’ day L10 被动语态要熟练地掌握 8 中基本时态的被动语态。

一般现在的被动：主语+am / is / are + 过去分词+其它一般过去的被动：主语+was / were + 过去分词+其他它一般将来的被动：主语+will be + 过去分词+ 其它现在进行的被动：主语+ am / is / are + being + 过去分词+ 其它现在完成的被动：主语+ have / has been + 过去分词+ 其它过去完成的被动：主语+ had been + 过去分词+ 其它过去将来的被动：主语+ would be + 过去分词+ 其它过去进行的被动：主语+ was / were being + 过去分词+ 其它 双重所有格It is being repaired by a friend of my father's . 双重所有格的结构时 of + 名词所有格/ 形代+名词：Playing basketball is one of my hobbies . 或 of+ 名代： Playing basketball is a hobby of mine . (要求大家能够熟练地转换两种双重所有格形式） make 的用法1) be made in + 产地These watches are made in France . 2) be made of + 可见原料The house is made of bricks . 3) be made from + 不可见原料Cheese is made from milk . 4) be made into + 成品The cloth was made into a dress . 5) be made by + 动作发出者The cookies were made by my mum . L11 不定式的用法（不定式是非谓语动词三种形式中，用法最广的一种，另外两种是动名词，和分词） ，它可以做除谓语之外的所有句子成分，例如：To see is to believe . (不定式做主语和表语) I want to see you . (不定式做宾语)I want you to see it . ( 不定式做宾语补足语) I have something to eat . ( 不定式做后置定语) Please come here to see it . ( 不定式做目的状语) L12 如何将瞬间动词变成延续性的：come / go ---- be at / in eg. I came to China two years ago . = I have been in China for two years . begin / start --- on eg. The film began half an hours ago . = The film has been on for half an hour . borrow --- keep , buy --- have , close --- be closed , die --- be dead , get up --- be up , join --- be in , leave --- be away from , open --- be open , put on --- wear L13 将来进行时和一般将来时的对比将来进行时是将来的一个计划，打算，一定会去做。

I will be seeing you . 一般将来时是一种将来的意愿，不一定去做I will see you tomorrow . L14 常常和过完连用的时间状语before... , after ..., when... , as soon as... （切记：过完常常和一般过去时连用） I had finished my homework before I ate my dinner . After I had finished my homework , I ate my dinner . When I had finished my homework , I ate my dinner . As soon as I had finished my homework , I ate my dinner . 注意几个不定代词的用法Neither of 两者都不（二选零，修饰主语时谓语动词用单数）Either of 两者中有一个（二选一，修饰主语时谓语动词用单数）Both of 两者都… (二选二，修饰主语时谓语动词用复数 )None of 所有都不 … （ 多选零，修饰主语时谓语动词用单数）One of 。

之一 （多选一，修饰主语时谓语动词用单数）All of 所有都… ( 多选多，修饰主语时谓语动词用复数)L15 直接引语变间接引语的注意事项（注意几个变量）人称变：' I am doing the dishes.' she said . ---- She said she was doing the dishes . 时态变：‘I have done my housework . ' she said --- She said she had done her housework . 时间状语变：' I ate a hamburger yesterday .' she said . ---- She said she had eaten a hamburger the day before . 语序变(陈述语序）：‘Are you all right ? ' she asked . --- She wanted to know if I was all right . 'What are you doing ?' she asked . ---- She asked what I was doing . L16 条件状语从句的使用法则主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现。

时间状语从句有时也要遵照此原则) L17 情态动词表猜测的用法对现在事情的各种猜测 对过去事情的各种猜测 对正在发生事情的各种猜测 对当。