各种符号数字英语读法.doc

常用的数学符号英文读法 一、一般符号对应的英文单词． period 句号, ma 逗号： colon 冒号； semicolon 分号！ exclamation 惊叹号？ question mark 问号─ hyphen 连字符’ apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号— dash 破折号‘’single quotation marks 单引号""double quotation marks 双引号< > parentheses 圆括号[ ] square brackets 方括号《 》French quotes 法文引号；书名号... ellipsis 省略号¨ tandem colon 双点号" ditto 同上‖ parallel 平行双线号 ／ virgule 斜线号＆ ampersand = and～ swung dash 代字号§ section; division 分节号→ arrow 箭号；参见号＋ plus 加号；正号－ minus 减号；负号± plus or minus 正负号× is multiplied by or cross 叉乘÷ is divided by 除号＝ is equal to 等于号≠ is not equal to 不等于号≡ is equivalent to 全等于号≌ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号＜ is less than 小于号＞ is more than 〔is greater than在数学中更常用〕 大于号≮ is not less than不小于号≯ is not more than不大于号≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号％ per cent 百分之…‰ per mill 千分之…∞ infinity 无限大号∝ varies as 与…成比例√ root 平方根∵ since; because 因为∴ hence 所以∷ equals, as 等于,成比例∠ angle 角⌒ semicircle 半圆⊙ circle 圆○ circumference 圆周π pi 圆周率△ triangle 三角形⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to,right to也都有垂直的意思.∪ union of 并,合集∩ intersection of 交,通集∫ the integral of …的积分∑ summation of 总和° degree 度′ minute 分″ second 秒＃number …号  ℃Celsius system 摄氏度  ＠at 单价∏ pi. dot <点乘就是centered dot>∂：偏微分符号,∂读作round 法国人发明的.偏导数英文翻译为partial derivative,因此有时读为partial.还有一种读法,念成round∂：是希腊字母δ的古典写法,数学里只用作表示偏导数的记号,在表示偏导数的时候,一般不念字母名称,中国人大多念作"偏",<例如 z对x的偏导数,念作"偏z偏x".><简单的把∂y/∂x读成偏y比偏x>倒三角符号▽读"Nabla",奈不拉,也可以读作"Del",读nabla的居多,Del在某些英文书里会见到.nabla符号本身具有不同的功能,当它按不同的乘法规则作用于函数时会分别得到f’ f prime f撇A上面一个横杠：A barA上面一个星星*： A asteriskA上面一个波浪线～：A tildeA的厄米共轭〔注意不是加号,那个竖比横长〕：A dagger〔dagger：短剑,匕首〕梯度：grandient 符号为grad,散度：divergence 符号为div.此时可直接读作grandient〔divergence〕 of ...1.Logic逻辑∃there exist∀for allp⇒q p implies q / if p, then qp⇔q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent2.Setsx∈A x belongs to A / x is an element of Ax∉A x does not belong to A / x is not an element of AA⊂B A is contained in B / A is a subset of BA⊃B A contains B / B is a subset of AA∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection BA∪B A cup B / A join B / A union BA\B A minus B / the diference between A and BA×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B3. Real numbersx+1x plus onex-1x minus onex±1 x plus or minus onexyxy / x multiplied by yx minus y, x plus yx y x over y=the equals signx = 5x equals 5 / x is equal to 5x≠5 x not equal to 5x≡y x is equivalent to yx ≡ y x is not equivalent to yx > yx is greater than yx≥y x is greater than or equal to yx < yx is less than yx≤y x is less than or equal to y0 < x < 1zero is less than x is less than 10≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1| x | mod x / modulus xx 2 x squared / x to the power 2x 3 x cubedx 4 x to the fourth / x to the power fourx n x to the nth / x to the power nx −n x to the minus nx root x / the square root of xx 3 cube root xx 4 fourth root xx n nth root x< x+y > 2 x plus y all squared< x y > 2 x over y all squaredn!n factorialx ^ x hatx ¯ x barx ˜ x tildex i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra‖ x ‖the norm of xOA →OA / vector OAOA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OAA T A transpose / the transpose of AA −1 A inverse / the inverse of A5. Functionsf< x > fx / f of x / the function f of xf:S→T a function f from S to Tx→y x maps to y / x is sent to yf'< x > f prime x / f dash x / the derivative of f with respect to xf''< x > f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to xf'''< x > triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf <4> < x > f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x∂f ∂ x 1 the partial of f with respect to x1∂2 f∂ x 1 2 the second partial of f with respect to x1∫ 0 ∞ the integral from zero to infinitylim⁡ x→0 the limit as x approaches zerolim⁡ x→ 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from abovelim⁡ x→ 0 −the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log yLny log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log y二、一些函数关系的读法A与B的乘积 the ___ product of A and B〔___中填乘积的性质,例如。