
主语从句详细讲解及综合练习.doc
8页主语从句一、概念:在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句一)连接词从属连词:that、whether;关系代词:who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;关系副词:when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever等;例:Whathesaidistrue.Thatyoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制1)hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttime(惊讶)usall.(2)wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow(remains,remained)unknown.(3)willbeourmonitor(be)decidedyet.(4)_____wemuststudyfor(be)aquestionofgreatimportance.(5)causedtheaccident(remains,remained)unknown.(6)youdid(be)right.(7)watch(be)lostisunknown.(8)_____weneed(be)time.(9)weneed(be)gooddoctors.小结:(1)主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制。
2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例91.从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句从属连词that,whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句,在从句中不担任成分,不能省略例:theywillgoiscertain.shewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.she'scomingornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.2. it作形式主语引导主语从句如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后That引导的主语从句可用it代替,that不可省略用作it作形式主语的结构:(1)Itis/was+形容词+that从句It'snaturalthat…很自然It'sfortunatethat…幸运的是It'sunlikelythat…不可能(2)Itis/was+名词+that从句It'sapitythat…遗憾的是It'sgoodnewsthat…是好消息…It'sanhonourthat…非常荣幸…It'scommonknowledgethat…(3)It+不及物动词+that从句It'sobviousthat…显而易见It's(im)possible・・・(不)可能…It'sstrangethat…奇怪的是……It'safactthat…事实是………It'sawonderthat…不足为奇…It'sashamethat…真是可耻…是常识…Itseemsthat…似乎,Itappearsthat…看来Ithappenedthat…碰巧Itturnsoutthat…结果…(4)Itis/was+过去分词+that从句It'snotknownthat不得而知It'ssaidthat…据说It'sreportedthat…据报道It'sdecidedthat…尚未决定It'sbelievedthat…据认为It'sannouncedthat…据宣布Itsuddenlystruckme(occurtomethat…我突然想到(感觉到)(5)其他Itdoesn'tmatter…是无关紧要的Itmakesnodifference…毫无区别……Itisoflittleconsequencethat…无关紧要Itisapityshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。
It'sstrangehedidn'tcomeyesterday.他昨天没来是很奇怪的ItisreportedthenumberofwildanimalsinAfricaisdecreasing.据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少Itissaidtherewasaterribleplanecrashthismorning.据说今天早上有一起可怕的飞机坠毁事故1) 主语从句在句首时,必须由连注意:接词引导,不能省略这些连接词;但是如果用it做形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,从属连词that可以省略误:Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正:Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正:Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.2) 如果主语从句放在句首,不能用讦引导,但是如果用it做形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,也可以用讦引导.误:IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正:ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.4) .用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat...句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气谓语动词用\“should+动词原形\”的形式,should有时可以省略。
5) 在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required中,that从句的谓语也应该用\“should+动词原形\”的形式,should有时可以省略Doesmatterfhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.itisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A. ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.ItItisnecessarythatacollegestudentatleastaforeignlanguage.A. mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmasterisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A. ItB.AsC.ThatD.What3、由关系代词引导的主语从句1)关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等,引导主语从句时,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语,不能省略。
leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.走得最晚的应当关灯youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.你的行为可能伤害别人hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.他在会议上的发言时所有入会者吃惊madethelongdistancecallisnotimportant.谁打的长途并不重要2)what引导主语从句“的东西/事情”时,可用来表示thething(s)which这种意思,引导从句,表示一样东西与一件事情,这种用法的what称为关系代词型what,who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词,和what—样引导从句,ever起强调作用这些关系词在句子中充当成分,所以不能省略此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导ThethingwhichIneed)isamobilephone.我所需要的是一部移动leavestheoffice(=Anyonewholeavestheoffice)shouldtellme.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我4、关系副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词有when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等引导主语从句时,它们在从句中担任状语,不能省略此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子hedidn'tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚atelephoneworksisaquestionwhichnoteveryonecananswer.是怎样工作的,这个问题并不是每个人都能回答shehasgoneisnotknownyet.她去了哪儿,还不知道theywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.他们何时动身还未定下来hediditdidn'tconcernme.他为什么做这件事与我无关5、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况1) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时,主语从句不可提前,用引导词it作形式主语Isitreallytruethathehasgoneabroad?他真的出国了吗?Howsurprisingitwasthathefailedintheexam!真令人惊奇,他考试没有及格!(2) Itissaid,reported,…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
It'ssaidthattheplayisveryinteresting.据说戏剧很有趣It'sreportedthatthehighwaywillbeopenedtotrafficnextweek.据报道,高速路下周通车3) Ithappens,occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前Itoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.她突然想起忘了锁门IthappenedthatImethiminthestreet.我恰巧在大街上遇到了他4) Itdoesn'tmatterhow,whetherornot…结构中的主语从句不可提前Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhelikesitornot.他喜欢与否无关紧要Itdoesn'tmatterhowhewillcome.他怎么来不重要6、it作形式主语与it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构(特别是谓语较短时),主语从句的连词没有变化而it引导强调句则是对某一句子成分的强调(这一成分可以是词、词组或句子),其结构是“Itis(was)+强调成分+that”。
无论强调什么成分,都要求用连接词that(强调人时可以用who代替)Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.她会成功是肯定的主语从句)ItisinNewYorkthatImethim.是在纽约我见到了他强调句)7、what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然例如:1) Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2) Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.That只起连接作用,不做成分1. youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.How2. __hesaidattheme。












