第十七章语篇翻译课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,退出,返回章重点,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,退出,返回章重点,Translation of English Texts,第十七章,,语 篇 翻 译,,1,Translation of English Texts,,第十七章 语篇翻译,17.1 语篇的文体风格,17.2 语篇的翻译技巧,17.2.1 注意语篇的逻辑关系,17.2.2 注意语篇的语言风格,17.2.3 注意语篇的文化寓意,17.2.4 注意语篇的修辞格,,第十七章 综合练习,及参考译文,课堂互动 1,课堂互动 2,课堂互动 3,课堂互动 4,,第十七章重点,--end,2,第十七章 语篇翻译课堂互动 1课堂互动 2课堂互动 3课,,语篇是一个或几个或一系列连续的话语段落或句子构成的话语组合，语义连贯，合乎语法，结构衔接，用于表达一个完整的思想，具有一个论题结构或逻辑结构，在一定语境下表示一个完整语义的自然话语片断，并实现一定的交际功能第十七章,语篇翻译,Translation of English Texts,3,语篇是一个或几个或一系列连续的话语段落或句子,,从语言的构建功能看，语篇是不能分割、具有相对独立性，能够单独处理的连贯语言片断。

在广义上可谓交际的材料；在狭义上可谓翻译的材料从译者的角度来看，语篇是这样一个级层体系：篇章、段落、句、子句、词组、词、词素抽象地说，哪个级层都不比另外的级层更重要4,从语言的构建功能看，语篇是不能分割、具有相,,在实践中，语篇是最后的仲裁，句是翻译操作的基本单位，而大部分的难题都集中表现在词汇单位上翻译作品是语篇，翻译是一个将语言的形式过程结合起来的谋篇过程5,在实践中，语篇是最后的仲裁，句是翻译操作的,,一个语篇有一主题，语篇内的每个句子都是为了这个主题而扩展联结的语篇是一种意义单位，而不是形式单位，它可以从语流中切分出来而存在只要具备了这些基本特征，无论是一个单词、一个短语、一句话、一个段落、一次交谈、一则广告、一封书信、一首诗歌、还是一次长篇演说、一部万言小说、都可看作是语篇6,一个语篇有一主题，语篇内的每个句子都是为了,,语篇是社会交际中的意义单位，词句在不同的上下文中，由于情景、环境的不同，以及说话人或写作者的目的、意图、语气、心境等方面的差异，可以有不完全相同的意思，因而也应有不同的译法所以，词语和句子的翻译必须放在段落语篇的“大”环境中来综合处理7,语篇是社会交际中的意义单位，词句在不同的上,,在这一过程中，必须把语言形式与意义联系起来，既要解释语篇中语言成分是如何运用的，还要说明为什么会如此运用，更要说明如何翻译这些“语言成分”。

小节结束,8,在这一过程中，必须把语言形式与意义联系起来，,,翻译就是用译语语篇完整地传达原语语篇信息的过程和结果，以实现原语语篇及译者的交际目的原语语篇的信息大体包括：,,● 基本信息——是作者要说的话；,● 文体信息——是作者说话的方式和意图语篇翻译首先要看文体，不同的交际环境、交际内容、交际目的、交际方式决定着不同形式的文体文体不同，语言文字的表达方式也就不同17.1 语篇的文体风格,,（Styles of English Texts）,9,翻译就是用译语语篇完整地传达原语语篇信息的过程,,文体风格:,● 从写作体裁上有小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧、公函、应用文、科技文献等；,● 从写作方法上分析有叙述文、描写文、议论文、说明文等；,● 从表达方式上分析有庄严肃穆的、也有随便口语化的，有正式的、也有非正式的，有商议的、也有命令的等；,● 从语言特色上分析有华丽的、也有朴实的，有简洁的、也有繁琐的，有讽刺的、也有赞美的，有幽默的、也有粗俗的等；,● 从修辞上分析有比喻、夸张、排比、反问、重复、对比、歧义、双关、矛盾、类比、拟人、反语讥讽等等10,文体风格:10,,文体风格对译者要采用的翻译方法起着重要的导向作用。

● 应用文文体强调实用，多用归化译法；,● 文学作品的语言偏重于创造性、形象性和象征性，可归化、异化兼顾；,● 政府公文、法律文件、历史文献、学术理论、科技情报等具有源语语言特色的语篇，可重点考虑采用异化译法11,文体风格对译者要采用的翻译方法起着重要的导向作,例1：Here is a little gift for your birthday.,【译文】薄礼一份，祝你生日快乐！,,12,例1：Here is a little gift for y,例2：The United Stats shares interests with China, but we also have some disagreements. We believe that we can discuss our differences with mutual understanding and respect.,【译文】美国和中国有着共同的利益，当然也有分歧，不过我们相信我们能够以相互了解和尊重的态度来探讨所存在的分歧13,例2：The United Stats shares int,例3：An efficient computer code for calculating the impact parameter distribution of atomic ionization probabilities caused by charged particle impact has been developed.,【译文】一种有效的计算机代码已经被研制出来，它可用于计算由于带电粒子冲击所引起的原子电离化概率的冲击参数分布。

14,例3：An efficient computer code,例4：Under U. S. copyright law, the transfer of copyright from the author (s) should be explicitly stated to enable the publisher to disseminate the work to the fullest extent. The following transfer must be signed and returned to the Editor’s office before the manuscript can be accepted for publication.,【译文】根据美国的版权法，作者的版权转让应当尽量陈述清楚，以便出版商能将作品在最大范围内传播在原稿被接受出版之前，必须在以下的转让书上签名，并送交编辑部15,例4：Under U. S. copyright law,,Please note that if the manuscript has been prepared as a Work Made For Hire, the transfer should be signed by both employer and employee. Address requests for further information or exceptions to the Editor,,American Journal of Physics,,222 Merrill Science Building. Box 2262 Amherst College, Amherst. MA 01002.,【续】,请注意，如果原稿是“雇人之作”，转让书则应由雇主和被雇者同时签署。

欲知有关进一步的信息，或有异议，请与《美国物理学报》编辑联系联系地址：马萨诸塞州（邮编01002）阿默斯特，阿默斯特学院2262信箱，梅里尔科学大楼222号返回章重点,退出,16,Please note that if the manusc,例5：But what is strange about these people is their invisibility. For several weeks, always at about the same time of day, the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their fire­wood, and though they had registered themselves on my eye­balls I cannot truly say that I had seen them. Fire wood was passing—that was how I saw it.,【译文】这些人怪就怪在你根本就看不见她们一连几个星期每天都是在这个时间，一伙老太婆，背负柴火，一个接一个，一瘸一拐从我屋前走过。

她们确实在我眼前走过去了，可说实在的，我没见到她们——压根儿就看不见人，看见的只是柴火捆17,例5：But what is strange about t,It was only that one day I happened to be walking behind them, and the curious up-and-down motion of a load of wood drew my attention to the human being beneath it. Then for the first time I noticed the poor old earth-coloured bodies, bodies reduced to bones and leathery skin, bent double under the crushing weight.,【续】,有一天，我碰巧跟在他们的后面走，只见眼前一堆柴火，莫名其妙地上下一颠一颠地往前挪我这才头一回见到柴捆底下的人，那些个可怜的老太婆，一个个皮包骨头，肤色如土，被那捆柴火压弯了腰，头差点儿触到了地18,It was only that one day I hap,,翻译语篇一定要解读、揣摩作者的意图，理解它的含义，体会它的意义，深刻地体会原作者的思想感情，直至其最细微、最曲折处，选择特定的语言形式来表达原文所要表达的意义，做到意、文、体兼顾。

●,所谓意，是指内容、事实、数据等；,●,所谓文，是指作家个人的感情色彩、文学手法、结构形式等，力求保持原貌；,,●,所谓体，是指格式、方式、措词等，力求符合该体在该语中的惯例小节结束,19,翻译语篇一定要解读、揣摩作者的意图，理解它的含,,语篇翻译受篇章逻辑关系的制约，受篇章中句子间的衔接、照应、连贯等因素的调节和制约17.2 语篇的翻译技巧,(Techniques of Translating English Texts),20,语篇翻译受篇章逻辑关系的制约，受篇章中句子,,英语语篇：,● 要先了解主题结构框架，从宏观上理解语篇交际目的意图、内在的逻辑关系、总体布局和作者的思路；,● 掌握语篇主题思想，段落大意，抓住能体现主题的关键词、主题句、主题段等；,● 分析语篇与段落，段落与句子、句子与句子之间的照应关系，上下文语境，语法结构，落笔翻译才能做到胸中有数21,英语语篇：21,,逻辑是“思维的规律”逻辑”是个多义词，其涵义因上下文的不同而不同客观事物的规律叫做“事物的逻辑”，思维活动的规律叫做“思维逻辑”，思维的过程叫做“形式逻辑”翻译是逻辑活动，翻译作品是逻辑活动的产物作者有作者的思维逻辑，译者有译者的翻译逻辑，但译者不能用自己的翻译逻辑代替作者的思维逻辑。

17.2.1 注意语篇的逻辑关系,22,逻辑是“思维的规律”逻辑”是个多义词，其,,语篇不论长短大小，都有一定的逻辑关系，这种逻辑关系包括：顺序关系，因果关系，条件与结果关系，让步与转折关系，人称关系，对比关系，递进与增补关系等23,语篇不论长短大小，都有一定的逻辑关系，这种逻,例1：The French,usually,have two courses for entertaining: a starter (entree) and a main course will be enough. It is,quite common,for us Chinese to treat six people to six dishes and one soup, and we can consume them all,,whereas,at a French dinner we can also eat our fill.,【译文】法国人请客，通常只须做两个菜：一个头盘，一个主菜，就够了我们中国人请客，六个人吃六个菜再加一个汤，是很平常的那么多菜我们都能吃下去，而法国人请客，菜虽少，我们也一样能吃饱。

24,例1：The French usually have two,例2：Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of,a bankrupt,,,,but,,became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist,,who managed to remain an idealist.,【译文】,瑞典发明家和实业家阿尔弗雷德 • 诺贝尔是一个在许多方面对比鲜明的人，他是一个破产者的儿子，,却,成了百万富翁；他是个科学家,却,热爱文学；一个实业家,竟,还是一个理想家；,25,例2：Alfred Nobel, the Swedish i,He made a fortune,,but,,lived,a,simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him；a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil.,【续】,他发了财，,但,过着简朴的生活；他高朋满座时兴致勃勃，孤单一人,却,又郁郁寡欢；他热爱人类，,却,又从未有过妻儿家庭的爱抚；他是个爱国赤子，,却,孑然一身，死于异国他乡；,26,He made a fortune but lived a,He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building,,,but,,saw it used as weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless. “Alfred Nobel,” he once wrote of himself, “ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life.”,【续】,他发明了一种新的炸药—甘油炸药，来改进采矿和道路修筑等和平时期的工业，但他却看到炸药被用作战争武器来杀伤人类。

在他有用的一生中，他却经常感到自己无用有一次在写到他自己时他曾经说：“阿尔弗雷德 • 诺贝尔应该在呱呱坠地、投入人生时，立即由一位仁慈的医生把他处死返回章重点,退出,27,He invented a new explosive, d,World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I do not see,” he once said, “that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it,”,but,since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.,【续】,他的成就驰名世界，而他个人却始终默默无闻，因为他整个一生总是避免抛头露面他曾经说：“我认为我不配成名，而且我也不爱成名但是他死后，他的名字却给他人带来了荣誉28,World-famous for his works he,例 3: The report was this: that Bartleby had been a subordinate clerk in,the Dead Letter Office,at Washington, from which he had been suddenly removed by a change in the administration. When I think over this rumor, I cannot adequately express the emotions which seize me.,【译文】,事情是这样的：巴特比原来是华盛顿（邮政局）的死信科一个小职员，后来因为换了上司，突然遭到解雇。

我把这个传说想了一下，那种紧紧控制着我的情感简直无法表达出来29,例 3: The report was this: that,Dead letters,! Does it not sound like,dead men,? Conceive a man by nature and misfortune prone to a pallid,hopelessness,, can any business seem more fitted to heighten it than that of continually handling these dead letters, and assorting them for the flames? For by the cart-load they are annually burned.,【续】,死信！它听来不是跟死人一样么？想有这么一个人，他的天性和倒楣的运气往往会使他绝望得面色苍白，那么还有什么工作比终日不断地处理这些死信，把它们挑出来烧掉，更能使他越发面色苍白，越发感到绝望呢？因为这些死信每年总要一车一车地烧掉30,Dead letters! Does it not soun,Sometimes from out the folded paper the pale clerk takes a ring: —the finger it was meant for, perhaps, moulders in the grave; a bank-note sent in swiftest charity: —he whom it would relieve, nor eats nor hungers any more; pardon for those who died despairing; hope for those who died unhoping: good tidings for those who died stifled by unrelieved calamities. On errands of life, these letters speed to death.,Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!,,【续】,有时候，这个面色苍白的职员从折起的信笺里拿到了一只戒指——也许准备带上这只戒指的手指已经是坟墓里的枯骨了；有时候，他发现一张寄来救急的钞票——也许它所要接济的人，已经既不能吃，也不再觉得饿了。

这些信件本来是给那些因绝望而死去的人带来宽恕，给那些死于非命的人带来希望，给那些因得不到救济而咽了气的人带来好消息；可是这些负了生的使命的信件，却奔向死亡呵，巴特比！呵，人类！,,返回章重点,退出,31,Sometimes from out the folded,例 1: The people were there and the land—the first dazed and bleeding and hungry, and,,,when winter came, shivering in their rags in the hovels which the bombings had made of their homes; the second a vast wasteland of rubble. The German people had not been destroyed, as Hitler, who had tried to destroy so many other peoples and, in the end, when the war was lost, themselves, had wished.,【译文】人民还在那里，土地也还在那里。

但人民都茫茫然，流着血、挨着饿，当冬天到来时，他们在被炸成断垣残壁的破屋中，穿着破烂的衣服不停地打着哆嗦；土地则一片荒芜，瓦砾成堆曾经企图毁灭其他许多民族的希特勒，在战争最后失败的时候也想要毁灭德国人民，但与他的愿望相反，德国人民并没有被毁灭补充例句1：注意语篇的逻辑,返回章重点,退出,32,例 1: The people were there and,例2:,But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and—until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.,【译文】然而，如果没有阿道夫·希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。

因为阿道夫·希特勒有着恶魔般的性格，花岗石般的意志，不可思议的本能，无情的冷酷，杰出的智力，深远的想象力以及对人和时局惊人的判断力这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，终于弄巧成拙补充例句2：注意语篇的逻辑,小节结束,返回章重点,退出,33,例2: But without Adolf Hitler,,课堂互动1：,,翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系,（参考译文）,,Sept. 11 delivered both a shock and a surprise — the attack, and our response to it — and we can argue forever over which mattered more. There has been so much talk of the goodness that erupted that day that we forget how unprepared we were for it.,Person of the Year,(Nancy Gibbs) 《时代周刊》2001年年度风云人物,【译文】,,“9·11”事件既令人感到震惊，也令人感到意外。

震惊的是攻击事件本身，意外的是我们对事件的反应至于说这两者哪个更为重要，人们也许永远会争论下去对于当天一下子涌现出来的可歌可泣的事迹，我们已经谈得不少了34,课堂互动1： 翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系（参考译文）,课堂互动1：,,翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系,（参考译文）,We did not expect much from a generation that had spent its middle age examining all the ways it failed to measure up to the one that had come before — all fat, no muscle, less a beacon to the world than a bully, drunk on blessings taken for granted.,【续】,在一片谈论声中，我们居然忘了，面对这些令人敬佩的行为我们当时是多么感到意外因为我们本来就没有对这代美国人抱有多大期望他们的中年是在自叹不如的心境中度过的，他们和上一代美国人比来比去，总感到自己望尘莫及他们虚浮有余，坚实不足，根本谈不上是世界的灯塔，倒却是横行的恶霸，沉醉于福荫之中，总觉得受之无愧。

35,课堂互动1： 翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系（参考译文）,课堂互动1：,,翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系,（参考译文）,,It was tempting to say that Sept. 11 changed all that, just as it is tempting to say that every hero needs a villain, and goodness needs evil as its grinding stone. But try looking a widow in the eye and talking about all the good that has come of this. It may not be a coincidence, but neither is it a partnership: good does not need evil, we owe no debt to demons, and the attack did not make us better. It was an occasion to discover what we already were.,【续】,我们也许会脱口而出地说，是“9·11”事件改变了这一切，正如我 们会脱口而出地说，英雄需要有恶棍来陪衬，善良需要有邪恶来砥砺。

但当你望着“9·11”死难者遗孀的双眼时，你难道还能侃侃而谈“9·11”事件所引发的好处吗？不错，善恶并存也许确非巧合，但它们也绝非相互依存的伙伴：善用不着恶陪伴左右，我们并不亏欠魔鬼，“9·11”事件也没有把我们变成更好的人它只是一次机会，我们不过借此发现了自己的本色返回章重点,退出,36,课堂互动1： 翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系（参考译文）,课堂互动1：,,翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系,（参考译文）,“Maybe the purpose of all this,” New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani said at a funeral for a friend, “is to find out if America today is as strong as when we fought for our independence or when we fought for ourselves as a Union to end slavery or as strong as our fathers and grandfathers who fought to rid the world of Nazism”. The terrorists, he argues, were counting on our cowardice. They’ve learned a lot about us since then. And so have we.,【续】,纽约市市长朱利安尼在朋友的葬礼中说得好：“也许这一切的目的就是要考验一下，看看今日的美国是否仍像当年为争取独立而战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年为结束奴隶制而团结奋战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年我们的父辈为消灭纳粹而战时那样坚强。

他认为，恐怖主义者就指望我们会胆怯但自“9·11”事件以来，他们想必对我们已有所了解当然我们对自己也有了不少认识返回章重点,退出,37,课堂互动1： 翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系（参考译文）,课堂互动1：,,翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系,（参考译文）,,For leading that lesson, for having more faith in us than we had in ourselves, for being brave when required and rude where appropriate and tender without being trite, for not sleeping and not quitting and not shrinking from the pain all around him, Rudy Giuliani, Mayor of the World, is,TIME’,s 2001 Person of the Year.,(,Time,,December 31, 2001 / January 7, 2002),【续】,由于朱利安尼在这次考验中堪称表率，由于他对我们的信心远胜于我们对自己的信心，由于他该勇敢时就勇敢，该鲁莽时就鲁莽，他温情流露，但那绝非应景之俗套，由于他不分昼夜，不停工作，虽被痛苦包围，却能勇敢面对，因此这位天下第一市长当选为2001年《时代周刊》的年度风云人物。

叶子南译）,小节结束,返回章重点,退出,38,课堂互动1： 翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系（参考译文）,,语言这个东西，很是微妙神秘，能拨动人的心弦，唤醒人的情感，激动人的情绪，启动人的思维使人感受阳刚之气，也能使人感受阴柔之美；使人的情绪高昂，也能使人的情绪沉郁；让人哭，也能让人笑；哭的时候或因同情，或因难过，或有感于崇高的思想或行为；笑的时候或因可爱，或因滑稽，或因语言或行为所表现出来的机智与幽默”17. 2. 2,注意语篇的语言风格,39,语言这个东西，很是微妙神秘，能拨动人的心弦，,,语篇有不同的文体和风格，风格既是一种格调，又是使用语言的特点它从另一个方面又形成一种力量，一种表现力语言风格包括语言的民族风格，时代风格，流派风格，语体风格，表现风格和个人风格等作为译者应该尽量克制自己的风格而去保存和传达原作的风格40,语篇有不同的文体和风格，风格既是一种格调，又,,风格是意义的体现一个作者，由于时代、民族和生活经历的不同，其作品就带有时代性、民族性以及个人的特点语篇翻译既要忠实内容，又要忠实风格，还要发挥语言的表现功能，以期获得与原文意义和风格等值的文字41,风格是意义的体现一个作者，由于时代、民族和,例1：,As far as sight could reach, I feasted my eyes on a vastness of infinite charm, which presents itself in a profusion of color, in verdant luxuriance, in dulcet warbling,, in pervading perfume, in rippling undulation, in cataract sprays, in hilly waves, in field crisscross and verily in vitality and variety.,【译文】,纵目眺望，我饱览了一片无限娇艳的风光：万紫千红，郁郁葱葱。

鸟语悦耳，花香袭人，涟漪荡漾，瀑布飞流，层峦起伏，阡陌纵横真可谓生机勃勃，气象万干42,例1：As far as sight could reach,例2:,One couple, who just got married, was headed home in a colorfully decorated cart pulled by a good-looking horse. The horse, however, was not in a good mood. It neighed, kicked, and bucked high in the air, misbehaving miserably.,,【译文】,一对新婚夫妇驾着一辆装饰华丽的马车沿路回家，拉车的是匹相当俊美的马可不知怎么搞的，那匹马闹起了情绪，不停地长啸、乱踢、蹦得半天高，简直是不可驾驭43,例2: One couple, who just got m,That infuriated the groom and he said: “That’s one!” The horse didn’t pay any attention to the driver and kept on misbehaving. The groom said: “That’s two!” That didn’t stop the horse at all from being rambunctious. The groom said: “That’s three!” He took out a pistol and shot the home dead.,【续】,这下子可气坏了新郎，他叫道：“这是第一次警告！”那匹马丝毫不理会，依旧“我行我素”。

新郎又喊道：“第二次警告！”马还是没安静下来新郎又喊了：“第三次警告！”说着便掏出抢，把马给毙了44,That infuriated the groom and,例3：,,On the day when the lotus bloomed, alas, my mind was straying, and I knew it not. My basket was empty and the flower remained unheeded.,,Only,now and again a sadness fell upon me, and I started up from my dream and felt a sweet trace of strange fragrance in the south wind.,【译文】,,莲花开放的那天，唉，我不自觉地心魂飘荡我的花篮空着，花儿我也没有去理睬不时地有一段忧愁来袭击我我从梦中惊醒，觉得南风里有一阵奇香的芳踪45,例3：【译文】45,,That vague sweetness made my heart ache with longing and it seemed to me that it was the eager breath of the summer seeking for its completion.,I knew not then that it was so near, that it was mine, and that this perfect sweetness had bloomed in the depth of my heart.,【续】,这迷茫的温馨，使我想望得心痛，我觉得这仿佛是夏天渴望的气息，寻求圆满。

我那时不晓得它离我是那么近，而且是我的，这完美的温馨，还是在我自己的心灵深处开放冰 心译）,返回章重点,退出,46,That vague sweetness ma,例4：,It was too late to call up for a cab or anything, so I walked the whole way to the station. It wasn’t too far, but it was cold as hell, and the snow made it hard for walking, and my Gladstones kept banging hell out of my legs. I sort of enjoyed the air and all, though. The only trouble was, the cold made my nose hurt, and right under my upper lip, where old Stradlater’d laid one on me.,【译文】,那时已经太晚不能打去叫出租汽车什么的了，所以我便一直走路走到火车站去。

那并不太远，不过却冷得要命，飞雪使步行增加困难，我手上所提的旅行皮箱老是在我腿上碰来碰去可是我对于那空气等等倒是相当喜欢的惟一的困难就是我的鼻子冷得发痛，还有我正在上嘴唇下面的部分也痛，因为老史重重地在那里打了我一下47,例4：It was too late to call up,He’d smacked my lip right on my teeth, and it was pretty sore. My ears were nice and warm, though. That hat I bought had earlaps in it, and I put them on --- I didn’t give a damn how I looked. Nobody was around anyway. Everybody was in the sack.,【续】,他掴了我牙齿外面的嘴唇，那里痛得很我的耳朵却很温暖，因为我买的那顶帽子有耳罩的，我把那两个耳罩戴上了，——至于我变成一个什么怪相我一点也不管好在附近也没有一个人所有的人都睡在床上了48,He’d smacked my lip right on m,,Usually I like riding on trains, especially at night, with the lights on and the windows so black, and one of those guys coming up the aisle selling coffee and sandwiches and magazines. I usually buy a ham sandwich and about four magazines. If I’m on a train at night, I can usually even read one of those dumb stories in a magazine without puking.,,【续】,通常我是喜欢坐火车的，尤其是在夜里，电灯罩着，窗外一片漆黑，还有那小贩来到通路上卖着咖啡，三明治，还有杂志。

我总是要买一个火腿三明治，和差不多四种杂志如果我是在夜间坐车，我通常都是读完一篇这种杂志上的低级故事而不作呕的49,Usually I like riding o,You know. One of those stories with a lot of phoney, lean-jawed guys named David in it, and a lot of phoney girls named Linda or Marcia that are always lighting all the goddam Davids’ pipes for them.,,,(J. D. Salinger:,The Catcher in the Rey,),【续】,你知道的，这样的故事，有一篇其中出现不少名叫大卫的尖下巴的骗子，还有一些名叫玲达和玛其的女骗子，她们老是要去替那些混账东西的大卫们点燃他们的烟斗钱歌川译）,50,You know. One of those stories,,Lovers take heed: if you are going to whisper sweet nothings to your sweetheart, make sure it is through the left ear.,So says Teow-Chong Sim of Sam Houston State University in the United States, who found in a study that emotional words got through to people better when spoken through the left ear, not the right.,Sweet Nothings Are Better Heard in the Left Ear,请对准左耳说情话,【译文】,情人们请听好：如果想对心上人情话悄悄，请务必对准左耳。

美国山姆 . 休斯顿州立大学的辛陶冲如是说他在研究中发现，对准左耳说情话比对右耳更容易使人接受补充例句1：注意语篇的语言风格,,51,Lovers take heed: if y,“The findings are consistent with the role of the brain’s right hemisphere in the processing of emotional stimuli,” Teow-Chong said in a statement at the British Psychological Society’s European Congress.,【续】,“该研究结果与人脑右半球接受情感刺激的作用是一致的辛陶冲在英国心理学家协会的欧洲会议上这样说补充例句1：注意语篇的语言风格,,52,“The findings are consistent w,The left ear is controlled by the right side of the brain. The research involved speaking sets of emotional and non-emotional words to 62 people through each ear. When asked to recall the list of words they had heard, there was a 64 percent recall rate when emotional words were heard in the left ear compared with,58,percent in the right.,Scientists have also found a left-ear advantage for stimuli including musical chords and melodies.,【续】,人的左耳是由大脑的右半球控制的。

有62人参与了这项研究，他们分别用双耳来倾听几组情话和其他话语随后，研究人员请他们回忆所听到的内容时发现，人们可以回忆起64％的用左耳听到的情话，而只能回忆起58％的用右耳听到的情话研究人员还发现，人的左耳在接受音乐的和弦和旋律等刺激时也具有一定的优势补充例句1：注意语篇的语言风格,,返回章重点,退出,53,The left ear is controlled,例2：,The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches.,,【译文】,初雪飘临，多么美啊！它整日整夜那么静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地上，落在生者的屋顶上，落在逝者的坟墓上！在一片洁白之中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出一道曲曲弯弯的黑线；还有那叶儿落净的树木，映衬着铅灰色的天空，此刻更显得枝丫交错，姿态万千。

补充例句2：注意语篇的语言风格,,54,例2：The first snow came. How be,,What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleighbells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.,【续】,初雪飘落时，是何等的宁谧，何等的幽静！一切声响都趋沉寂，一切噪音都化作柔和的音乐再也听不见马蹄得得，再也听不见车轮辚辚！唯有雪橇叮咚的铃铛，奏出和谐的乐声，那明快欢乐的节拍犹如孩子们心房的搏动范钜清译）,,补充例句2：注意语篇的语言风格,,小节结束,55,What silence, too, came with,课堂互动2: 翻译下列短文，注意语篇的语言风格,（参考译文）,,Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.,【译文】,读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。

其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长。