(完整word版)初中英语特殊句式归纳.doc

特殊句式、概说 特殊句式包含倒装、强调句型、反意疑问句等二、部分倒装英语中构成部分倒装的few, not until, not, 等)置于句首时，其即将主语与助动词倒置， 其结构与一般疑问句大致相同 主要情形有：1. 含否定意义的词 ( 如 never, hardly, seldom, little, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 后用部分倒装如：Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a knock on the door. 她刚开始说话就听到了敲门声Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事2. only 加状语(副词 /介词短语 /从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装如： Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时他才知道出了什么事。

3. so (neither, nor) 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时， 用“ so (neither, nor) + 助动词 + 主语”这样的倒装句式如：He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会 He didn'tsee the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看She is very beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很漂亮，她妈妈年轻时也很漂亮4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时，可省略 if, 将 were，should, had 置干句首如：Were I Tom(= If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动5. so... that 结构中，将 SO+ adj. (adv. ) 置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。

如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好待在家里So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度三、完全倒装 即将谓语移到主语前英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有：1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装如： Here comes the bus. 公 共汽车来了Now comes your turn. 现在该你了Then came a new difficulty. 然后又产生了一个新的困难The door opened and in came Mr Li. 门开了，李先生走了进来注：若主语为代词，则不用完全倒装如：The door opened and in she came. 门开了，她走了进来2. 将表语和地点状语 (多为介词短语) 置于句首加以强调时， 其后通常用倒装 语序。

如：Among them was my friend Jim. 他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆Around the lake are some tall trees. 湖的四周有些高树 注：在表语置于句首的倒装结中， 要注意其中的谓语动词的数应与其后主语的数 保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致四、 it 的基本用法it 的基本用法包括：指事物，指动物或婴儿，指上文提到的情况，指身份不明 的人，指时间、距离、环境、天气等自然现象，笼统地谈论某情况等如： It's still raining. 还在下雨 It's two miles to the beach. 到海边有两英里 It was very quiet in the cafe. 咖啡馆里很安静They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子，很可爱 Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人 来过但我们不知道是谁五、用作形式主语或形式宾语1. 形式主语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常 在句首使用形式主语 it ，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。

如：Did it take you such a long time to recite this short passage? 你背诵 这么一小段文章花了这么长时间？It's no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用了It's not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道2. 形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时， 就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末如： I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿They haven't made it known where they are to hold the conference. 他们 还没宣布会议在哪里召开六、几种特殊用法的 it1. enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate 等动词后接 if 从句或when从句'通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。

如：She won't like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激2. 用于以下特殊句型中：It does n't matter (if)... 没关系It seems (appears) that (as if)... (看起来)似乎 It happe ns that... 碰巧 It's... sin ce... 自 以来有多久了七、强调句型1. 强调句的基本结构：It + be + 被强调成分 + that(who)…如：It was in the office that he was arrested. 他就是在这间办公室被捕的。

是孩子们打破窗户的但当强调时间和地点时，不能用It is the children who broke the window. 注：当强调人时，可用 who代替其中的that, when和 where 代替 that 2. 被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致 如 ： It is he who is late . 就是他迟到了是他们迟到了It is they that were late .八、祈使句1. 祈使句主要用于提出请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可用于发 出命令等2. 祈使句的特点是：一般不出现主语 (you) ，但有时为了指明向谁发出请求或 命令，也可以说出主语； 谓语动词一律用原形； 否定式一律在动词前面加 don't 如：Come this way, madam. 这边走，夫人Don't lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来九、感叹句 感叹句的基本结构特点是：What + a(n)+adj + 单数可数名词( + 主语 + 动词) !What + adj. + 不可数名词或复数可数名词！How + adj. (adv. ) (+ 主语 + 动词) !How + adj. + a(n) + 单数可数名词( + 主语 + 动词) ! 如：What a lovely day it is! 多好的天气！What a good heart you have! 你的心真好！What interesting stories he's told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明！How clever a boy he is! 他这孩子真聪明！ 十、反意疑问句 反意疑问句的涉及面很广，可能涉及的考点有：1. 若陈述部分含有 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, nothing, nowhere 等否定词或半否定词，其反意疑问部分要用肯定式。

如：Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉，是吗？He seldom comes to see you, does he? 他很少来看你，是吗？ 但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，反意疑问部分仍用否定式如： It is unfair ， isn't it? 这不公平，不是吗？It is impossible, isn't it? 那是不可能的，不是吗？2. 若陈述部分的主语为 somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, nobody,no one等复合不定代词，其反意疑问部分的主语在正式文体中用 he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用 they 如：Nobody was hurt, were they? 没有一个人受伤,是吗？ 当陈述部分的主语是 something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问部分的主语要用 it 如：Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的，是吗？Everything was going well, wasn't it? 一切都很顺利，不是吗？3. 若陈述部分含有动词 have, 则应注意：若为助动词，反意疑问部分也用 have; 若表示“所有”，反意疑问部分可以用 have，也可以用do;若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思，反意疑问部分要用 do, 不能用 have; 若用于 have to ，则通常用助动词do的形式，不过有时也可用have （。