考研英语二翻译模拟.doc

word考研英语二翻译模拟1 What Is a Decision?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of acplishing them. 　决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现　Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, and indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk acpanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious. 　因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

管理者所做的每件事几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有些人认为管理过程就是作决策尽管管理者不能预测未来，但他们所作的许多决策都要求他们考虑将来可能发生的事情通常情况下，管理者必须对未来情况作出最优估测，并且努力要使偶然事件尽可能少地发生，但是，由于不确定的因素一直存在，所以，决策总是与风险为伴有时候，拙劣决策的后果并不严重，但在另外一些时候如此是非常严重了Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization. 　选择是指从多个可能性中挑选的机会。

如果没有选择，就毋须作决策作决策就是挑选的过程，许多决策的选择X围很广例如，一个学生为了获得学位，他可能会从许多不同的课程中选择从而作出决策对管理者来说，每项决策都受到基于政策、程序、法律、惯例等等因素的制约，这些制约存在于各个层次的机构中　2 Black Holes What is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape – not even light. So we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space — or so we think. How can this happen? 黑洞是什么？这个问题很难回答，因为我们通常用来描述某一科学现象的术语不足以回答这个问题。

天文学家和科学家都认为黑洞是一个太空区域〔不是一种事物〕，落人其中的任何物质都无法逃逸——甚至包括光所以我们看不见黑洞一个黑洞能产生强大的吸力，但它却没有物质它只是空间——或许是我们这么想的这种现象是怎样发生的呢？　　The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova〔超新星〕occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovawere reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star — a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole . Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happen once object s pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole. 　从理论论来说，当某些恒星的密度增大到某种程度时就会发生爆炸，爆炸使它们崩溃，有时会产生超新星。

从地球上看，一颗超新星看上去像是天空中的一盏明灯，甚至在白天也闪闪发光超新星是由十七、十八世纪的天文学家发现的有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星一颗超新星的崩溃可能会产生白矮星或中子星，其物资的密度非常大以至于在其自身重力的作用下持续收缩但是，假设这颗恒星非常大〔比我们的太阳大得多〕，那么，这种收缩的过程可能会非常强烈，其结果导致了黑洞的产生想像一下地球收缩小到有弹球那么大，但仍具有同样的质量和更强的吸力，你就会对黑洞的力量有某种概念靠近黑洞的任何物质都会被吸入，根本说不出黑洞里终究发生了什么、科学家把黑洞的边缘区域称为“事界〞对物质通过这个界限时发生的情况我们一无所知从理论上来说，黑洞里面物质的表现一定是不大一样的　　3 Euthanasia: For and AgainstThe Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guideline s demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia . In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department. 尽管安乐死在荷兰并未合法化，但荷兰仍然是欧洲惟一允许安乐死的国家。

两年前在荷兰议会制定的严格标准下实施安乐死的医生通常不会被起诉这此指导原如此要求：病人正在经受极度的痛苦；没有治愈的机会；病人一再提出安乐死的请求除此之外，还需有另外一位医生确认是否已达到安乐死的标准，而且，必须向警方提出死亡报告　Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr, Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wend。