根际促生细菌的生产和应用现状及发展趋势-终极版.doc

根际促生细菌的概述及生产应用现状和发展趋势 微生物肥料”学学习论文根际促生细菌的概述及生产应用现状和发展趋势摘要随着世界人口的迅猛增长，耕地减少，粮食危机、食品安全及环境污染己 成为人们关注的热点氮、磷、钾索的供应状况是其实现潜在生产能力、发挥 生态效能的主要因子Z-O为了满足植物生长所需的氮、磷、钾等营养元索， 工业化肥一直被认为是实现这一冃的的主要途径然而，随着化肥施用量的增 加，一方面会增加农业成本，另一方面造成对环境的危害，同时破坏了土壤结 构、微生物区系和多样性等人们为了维护自身生存的生态环境和食品安全， 减少对工业化肥的依赖，一直在努力探寻新的生物生态肥源，以替代或部分替 代工业化肥近20年来，随着生物技术等新技术的不断进步，微生物肥料的研究与应用 有了很大的发展…，在我国也有微生物肥料应用方面的很多报道根际促生菌 (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,缩写PGPR)是研究热点近年来的 研究表明，植物根际促生细菌不但可以固定空气中的氮气，溶解土壤中不能被 植物直接吸收的磷索，習放铝硅酸盐矿物中的钟索，而且还可分泌植物牛•长调 节物质，促进植物根系生长，增强植物抗病能力。

将促进植物生长菌作为生物 肥料的接种剂，与化肥相比具有成本低，使用安全，持续效果好，增产稳定， 非再生能源消耗少，对环境、食品安全，经济效益高等特点，同时可以改善土 壤结构，提高土壤有机质含量，改良盐碱地，保持农牧业生态系统的平衡，实 现农牧业生产的可持续发展发达国家重点致力丁•筛选和利用生物技术构建高 效PGPR菌株，研制有PGPR功能的新型微生物肥料PGPR作为最具防病潜力与应 用价值的一类生防菌，不仅能够促进植物生长，增加作物的产量，还能提高防 病能力，因而成为许多学者研究的对象大量的研究事实证明了PGPR处理植物 后能达到促进生长与防治病害的Fl的本文主要论述了根际促生细菌的分类、 特征和功能应用，旨在为我国微生物肥料的研究生产增加新的研究方向和促进 环境保护的和谐发展关键词：根际促生细菌；土壤；微生物肥料；生产丿应用；发展趋势Key words:PGPR;soil; Microbial fertilizer; The production and application; Development trendAbstractWith the rapid growth of the world's population, cultivated land change, the food crisis, food safety and environmental pollution has become the focus in people. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium supply condition is its realization potential production capacity, the main factors play one of ecological efficiency. In order to meet the plants need to grow nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, industrial chemical fertilizer was thought to realize this aim is the main way. However, with the increase of chemical fertilizer, on one hand, will increase agricultural cost, the other cause damage to the environment, and destroyed the harm of soil structure, the microflora and diversity, etc. People in order to maintain their own survival ecological environment and food safety and reducing the dependence of industrial chemical fertilizer, has been trying to find new biological ecology FeiYuan to completely or partly replace industrial chemical fertilizer.Over the past 20 years, with the new technology such as biological technology advances, the research and application of microbial fertilizers has greatly developed in China, also have. Many of the application of microbial fertilizers reports. The rhizosphere grows fungus (placing an abbreviation for rhizobacteria, have - PGPR) is hotspot. Recent studies show that plant rhizosphere grows bacteria can not only fixed the air in the soil, dissolved nitrogen absorbed by plants cannot directly phosphorus, the ZhongSu aluminum silicate minerals release, but also can secrete plant growth regulating substances, promote plant root growth, enhance plant resistance. Will promote plant growth bacteria as the inoculum biological fertilizer, compared with fertilizers with lower cost, the use of safe, continuous effect is good, increase stability, the ren ewable energy con sumption, on the environment, food safety, and the economic benefit is higher characteristic, also can improve the soil structure, improve the content of soil organic matter, improved the saline-alkali, maintain the balance of the ecosystem agriculture, to realize the sustainable development of agriculture production. Developed countries focus using biotechnology to screening and constructing efficient PGPR strains of PGPRfunction, develop a new microorganism fertilizer. As the most potential PGPR prevention with the application value kind of bio-control bacteria, can not only promote plant growth, and increasing crop production, but also can improve the ability to resist many scholars, so it becomes the object of study. A lot of research evidence of PGPR processing plants can attain to promote the growth and after the purpose of prevention and cure disease. This paper mainly discusses the rhizosphere grows bacteria classification, characteristics a nd functions, aiming at China application study of microbiological fertilizer increased production new research direction andpromote the harmonious development of environmental protection・ 前舌以微生物肥料、微生物农药、微生物食品、微生物饲料等为核心的微生物农业 ⑴即“白色农业”将成为未来农业可持续发展的重要方向Z-O 土壤犹如一 “天然的肥料加工厂”，倘若把土壤中的生物全部消灭，就无疑于“人去楼 空”的丁•厂，土壤便会变成没有活力的“死寂”或“老朽” 土壤，失去“造 血”功能。

为此，科学家提出了 “土壤生态肥力”的概念，并以土壤生物多样 性、土壤生物量及生物适应性与稳定性为其定量诊断的指标近年来的研究表 明，植物根际促生细菌不但可以固定空气中的氮气，溶解土壤中不能被植物直 接吸收的磷素，習放铝硅酸盐矿物中的钟索，而且还可分泌植物生长调节物 质，促进植物根系生长，增强植物抗病能力将促进植物生长菌作为生物肥料 的接剂，与化肥相比具有成本低，使用安全，持续效果好，增产稳定，非再生 能源消耗少，对环境、食品安全，经济效益高等特点，同时可以改善土壤结 构，提高土壤有机质含量，改良盐碱地，保持农牧业生态系统的平衡，实现农 牧业生产的可持续发展⑵1.根际促生细■ It?(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR )的概述1.1 PGPR的相关定义PGPR是指能够促进植物对矿质营养的吸收和利用，或者产生促进植物生长 的代谢物，甚至抑制有害微生物的根际细菌一般具有固氮、溶磷、解钾能 力，或能产生植物激素、分泌抗生素等功能的细菌、蓝细菌等根际是指受植 物活根影响的土壤微区，它的范围是围绕根表面1〃〜2mm厚的土壤由丁植物根 系不断地分泌各种代谢产物，包括糖类、氨基酸、有机酸、脂肪酸和笛醇、生 长索、核甘酸、黄酗、酶类以及其他化合物，为微生物提供营养；加上根表组 织陆续死亡和脱落，改良周围土壤的物理和化学性质，丰富了土壤有机质，也 为微生物的大量繁殖创造了条件，使植物根际具有很高的生物活性，因而植物 根际是土壤微主物生活特别旺盛的区域根际中微主物的数量和活性远高于远离 根的土壤，其数量可达109/cm3,比根际外土壤中高10. 100倍，由于细菌对各 种根分泌物的利用率及敏感性远远超过放线菌、真菌和原生动物等，因而在根 际中占主导地位。

1. 2 PGPR的分类植物根际微生物种类多、活性高，构成根际特定的微生物区系根据对植 物的作用。