lesson 14 a noble gangster 贵族歹徒.doc

Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，然后回答以下问题How did Haywood make in times of peace?There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'New words and expressions 生词和短语gangstern. 歹徒,强盗Chicagon. 芝加哥(美国城市)protectionn. 保护promptlyadv. 准时地destroyv. 毁掉;消灭 remarkableadj. 不寻常的hand n. 帮,团伙Florencen. 佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)city-staten. (古代 )城邦hirev. 租出,雇给princen. 君主,诸候Florentinen. 佛罗伦萨人funeraln. 葬礼dedicatev. 奉献,题献给memoryn. 纪念valiantadj. 英勇的参考译文曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取" 保护 "。

如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店 ,让他破产.榨取"保护金" 并不是一种现代的罪恶行径.早在 14 世纪,英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:" 人们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手.600 年前,约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来,很快就出了名.意大利人叫他乔凡尼.阿库托.每次意大利各城邦之间打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主和平时期,当生意萧条时,霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦,纵火烧毁一两个农场,然后提出,如向他们缴纳保护金,他们便主动撤离霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱.尽管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄他 80 岁那年死去时,佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位"骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生."New words and expression 生词和短语Gangster n.歹徒, 强盗-- a band of gangsters 一伙强盗robber n.抢劫犯, 抢劫者bandit n.强盗, 土匪brigand n.强盗, 土匪, 盗贼, 草寇（书面用语）hooligan n.流氓, 不良分子hoodlum n.罪犯, 恶汉（口语）rascal n.淘气 , 捣蛋鬼（口语）hand n.帮, 团伙-- a band of robbers 一伙强盗mob n. 一群（表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派）-- a mob of hooligans 一伙流氓gang n.一伙 （-- a gang of thieves）nest n.窝 （-- a nest of bandits）pack n.团伙、帮派（-- a pack of hoodlums）Chicago n.芝加哥 (美国城市)Protection n.保护 （-- protection money 保护费）protect vt.保护（protect…from…）-- We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.Protector（n.保护者） Protective （adj.保护的）Protege n.被保护者Promptly adv.准时地-- I give him a ring and he call me back promptly. -- He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.on time 准时／in time 及时punctual（adj. 严守时刻的 , 准时的） punctually adv.守时地destroy v.毁掉 ;消灭destroy n.强调毁灭 , 消灭 , 完全的摧毁-- The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his dream.Damage n.v.强调受损程度不很严重, 可以被修复 -- The big clock was damaged.Break v.n.强调弄坏, 弄断 -- Two of the strings were broken.spoil v.强调把事情搅和了 -- spoil the party / spoil the holidayremarkable adj.不寻常的（同意词：unusual, uncommon, extraordinary）-- a remarkable event , an extraordinary event 不同寻常的事件outstanding（adj. 突出的，杰出的，卓越的） -- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.（n.年轻人, 青少年）Distinguished（adj. 杰出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的）Eminent（adj. 显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的）Distinguished 和 eminent 是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人）-- a distinguished physicist（n.物理学家）, an eminent surgeon（n.外科医生）-- an eminent judge（n.法官）, a distinguished lawyer（n.律师）well-known adj.众所周知的（ 强调众所周知的）-- She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact.famous adj.著名的（因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的）-- He is a famous movie star. / Luxun is famous for his articles.Notorious adj. 臭明昭著的, 臭名远扬的（= be famous for bad things）-- Hitler is notorious.（Hitler n.希特勒）infamous adj.身名狼藉的（= Notorious）renowned adj.某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名-- Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful scenery.（n.风景, 景色）Florence n.佛罗伦萨 (意大利城市)city-state n.(古代)城邦hire v.租出, 雇给hire out 出租 -- Does this firm hire out cars?Rent v.租, 租借, 出租 n.租金rent out 租给 , 雇给（主要强调出租房屋） -- He rent out his house to a tourist.Let 出租（ let his house 出租房屋） -- Please let your house to me. 请把房屋租给我吧？hire from, rent from 租进来 -- He hired a car from us. / I rent a room from Mrs. Johnson.hire 指短期雇佣体力劳动者 -- He hired two helpersemploy 指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者-- We employed her as our advisor.（n.顾问）-- The factory employed 500 workers.Prince n.君主, 诸候 n.王子Florentine n.佛罗伦萨人Funeral n.葬礼Dedicate v.奉献, 题献给（dedicate to）dedicate sth to sb -- He dedicated his first book to his motherdedicate 献身, 奉献（比 devote 更为正式而庄重）dedicate…to sth-- I devote my time to helping my students.-- He dedicates his life to his motherland.-- He dedicated his life to science.Memory n.纪念Memory n.记忆 ,。