读写任务作文讲义.doc

读 写 任 务 作 文在2014年考试说明中，书面表达示例部分增加了读写任务作文读写任务作文将阅读与写作有机地结合在一起，通过阅读所给材料的有关信息，进而对比信息进行加工，并结合平时积累的相关信息知识，按照任务要求谋篇布局，完成指定的写作任务这种命题，不但关注考生的思维能力，而且关注语篇的思维深度，以及现代中学生的认知能力这种命题形式既体现了科学性和人文素养，也发掘了素质教育的因素，因此对学生语言能力的提高很有意义读写任务作文的写作内容1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点2. 然后以约120个词就 “……” 主题发表你的看法, 并包括下面要点：① …… ; ② …… ; ③ ……读写任务作文的主题概括概括部分包含几种能力第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文主题概括的概括标准抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉读者文章的写作目的，后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑。

凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除要学会“精”兵“裁”员，将字数控制在30左右，不超过上限35个词主题概括的基本原则1. 精：用精炼的语言概括出文章的大意可先画出短文中的重要句子，例如：文中的主题句、论点、论据和结论等2. 准：要注意文章的内涵和外延，把作者的观点用自己的语言，简洁、明了、连贯、有条理地准确表述出来（注意：一般多用第三人称）3. 全：要省去详细的例子、细节词语，选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的词语，范围不宜过大或过小主题概括的写作步骤1. 确定主题句 确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首没有主题句的需要自己组合2. 寻找关键词 分析主题句意义，确定关键词3. 重构主题句 概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句4. 重组支撑句 支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据主题概括的概括形式概括包括两个部分：主题句和支撑句，前者统摄后者文体主题句支撑句记叙文写作目的 / 主题 (一句)故事大意 (一至三句)议论文论点 (一句)论据 (一至三句)说明文说明的对象 / 观点 / 现象解释 / 分述记叙文的概括模式The passage points out that … (主题), which … (影响、结果、情节 …).As is shown in the passage, … (情节), which … (主题).This passage mainly tells us a story of / that … (情节), which … (主题).The writer tells us … (主题) by showing us an example of / who / which … (情节). John, a heavy smoker, once felt bad-tempered. His hands started shaking and he coughed a lot, so he turned to his doctor for help. “Quit smoking.” the doctor advised. Finding the advice sensible from several points, such as money, health, and cleanliness, John decided to give up smoking. However, for several hours without a cigarette, John was nervous and had difficulty in concentrating, inability to sleep, which made him more hungry for a cigarette. He said to himself, “One more, and I will quit it tomorrow. Tomorrow will be a suitable day for me to break away from the bad habit…” Then he picked up a cigarette which made him relaxed. Again and again John made up his mind to do it “tomorrow”. Today John is still addicted to smoking.Lots of people think that “tomorrow” is always the most convenient time to start breaking an old developed habit. But good intentions are there, and will-power is not. Consequently, these people will never achieve anything. 主题：原因：结果：情节：议论文的概括模式The article gives the view that … (主题), + (支撑). The passage highlights (强调) the importance of ... (主题), + (支撑).The passage mainly tells us that … (主题), + (支撑).The author argues that … (主题), + (支撑).With the development of economy, people tend to pursue high quality living conditions. Most of the parents try their best to offer their children comfortable circumstances, but they seldom have time to stay with their children. In my opinion, no matter how busy they are, they should make the best of their time to stay with their children.Every time when parents take them to the amusement park, help them to prepare their birthday parties, applaud for them when they are competing in the sports meeting, the time they spend with children will become treasure in their memories.Children need the direction from their parents. There are some wrong behaviors in our society such as dishonesty, violence and so on. Children have weak resistance in defending this negative influence. In this case, parents’ instructions seem to be very important to children’s growth. Parents should sit down and talk with them about what they should do and should not do.I do not deny that there are some disadvantages in spending too much time with children. Some parents restrict their children, and give them little freedom to develop their interests. Therefore, I emphasize that parents should educate and instruct their children appropriately in their spare time apart from their busy work.重构主题句：重组支撑句：说明文的概括模式This article points out … (主题), which ... (补充解释). The passage discusses the impact (影响) of ... The study reveals (揭示) that … (主题), + (补充信息)The purpose of the report is to show … (主题), + (补充信息).You may think birthdays mean only cake, presents, and a sweet song — “Happy Birthday”. However, there are many varieties of birthday celebrations. In the West, many birthday traditions come from an ancient belief that bad spirits showed up on a person’s birthday. To drive troublemaking spirits away, friends would visit each other on their birthdays. Today, people still get together for birthday parties. But around the world, birthdays are celebrated in many different ways.In eastern Canada, children get their noses covered with butter on their birthdays. The butter is supposed to make children too slippery for bad luck to stick to them. Irish people lift birthday children upside down and hit them lightly on the floor for every year of their age. Mexico also has a unique birthday tradition. A paper-made animal is filled with candy and toys and hung from the ceiling. The birthday child with his eyes covered th。