中考英语复习语法专题1名词.doc

专题1　名　词 考点知识精讲 考点训练知识网络考点一 名词的分类考点二 名词的复数形式1.规则变化构成方法例　词在词尾加-sgirl－girls　pen－pens以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后加-esbus－buses　box－boxeswatch－watches　dish－dishes以f或fe结尾的名词，变f，fe为v，再加-eswife－wives　half－halves shelf－shelves　thief－thieves某些以f结尾的词，直接加-sroof－roofs(屋顶)belief－beliefs(信念)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escity－cities　country－countriesfamily－families　party－parties以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加-sboy－boys day－days以o结尾的四个词(两菜、两人)加-es，其余的都加-spotato－potatoes　tomato－tomatoes hero－heroes　Negro－Negroes zoo－zoos　photo－photos2.不规则变化构成方法例　词形式不变(单复数同形)sheep－sheep　deer－deerChinese－Chinese　Japanese－Japanese变内部元音字母foot－feet　tooth－teeth　goose－geeseman－men　mouse－mice词尾加-en/-renchild－children　ox－oxen3.复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如：apple tree→apple trees boy classmate→boy classmates(2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是man或 woman，如：man worker→men workers woman teacher→women teachers4．特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，glasses(眼镜 )(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics，politics(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如： room(空间)—a room(房间) work(工作)—works(著作)(4)不可数名词的数量表达①不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量，如：a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸②还可用much，little，a little，a large amount of，some，any，no，lots of，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，如：much money，some milk (5)数词＋名词＋形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如：He is a four­year­old boy.他是个4岁的男孩。

four­year­old不能说成four­years­old)a five­foot­deep hole一个五英尺深的洞考点三 名词所有格1．表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，在此名词词尾加's，或直接加'1)单数名词加's，如：Mary's book(2)以s结尾的复数名词只加'，不以s结尾的复数名词要加's，如：the three girls' father 这三个女孩的父亲the children's presents 孩子们的礼物(3)表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加's；表示各自所有时，需在各个名字后加's，如：Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有的车)Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车)(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略如：the barber's＝the barber's shop理发店to my aunt's＝to my aunt's house到我姑姑家(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加's构成所有格如：a week's time 一周的时间China's population中国的人口2．表示无生命的东西的所有格形式：名词＋of＋所有者，如：the name of the zoo动物园的名字3．双重所有格：即of＋'s或of＋名词性物主代词，如：a book of my daughter's 我女儿的一本书The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。

考点四 名词的句法功能名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等名词作定语，一般用单数形式如：girl students(女学生) paper flowers(纸花)名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式如：sports meeting (运动会)一、单项选择1．Read the ________carefully.They will help you know how to use the popper.A．instructions B．decisions C．results2．Cici enjoys dancing.It's one of her ______.A．prize B．prizes C．hobby D．hobbies3．For my homework I have to write a(n) _______about the wonders of the world.A．music B．pictureC．composition D．exam4．Boys and girls，feeling peaceful is the first step to become ________ in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.A．runners B．winners C．players5．—I have great ________ in learning math and I'm so worried.Could you help me?—Sure.I'd be glad to.A．trouble B．interest C．joy D．fun6．—Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?—With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal ________.A．value B．style C．effect D．mood7．Could you please get me some ________？ I'm hungry.A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg8．—I'm going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit. —OK.Thanks for your ________.A．offer B．information C．message D．order9．These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the ________immediately.A．amusement B．Development C．environment D．government10．—Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year. —She said she would never forget some pleasant _____ while working there.A．experiments B．expressions C．experiences D．emotions11．—Excuse me, where can I exchange ________？ —There's a bank on the second floor.A．books B．food C．moneyD．stamps12．—I'm sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired. —There's no ________ for this while you are at work.A．cause B．excuse C．matter D．choice13．John wants to be a ________， so he often helps sick people in the hospital.A．reporter B．doctor C．scientist D．cook14．—I have trouble learning math this term. —You should pay more ________to your teacher's advice.A．money B．attention C．time15．The two cities have reached an ________to develop science and technology.A．education B．excitement C．agreement D．invention16．—Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now? —Sorry, I know nothing about him.We are________.A．friends B．neighbors C．classmates D．strangers17．I don't think looking after children is just ________ work.A．woman B．woman's C．women D．women's18．—Why are you still waiting in line? —I've missed my ________.A．place B．order C．turn D．time19．—I hear you have to run for half an hour every day. —Right.It is one of the ________ in my school.A．choices B．plans C．hobbies D．rules20．___。