2010年至2016年考研阅读理解真题及翻译问题详解.doc

word2016年英语考研真题与答案　　Par`t A　　Directions:　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)　　Text 1　　France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right todefine physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.　　The parliament also agreed to ban websites that〞 incite excessive thinness〞 by promoting extreme dieting.　　Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to  determine their individual worth.　　The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .　　The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.　　The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.　　In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of pliance.　　Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.　　21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined　　[B] New runways would be constructed　　[C] Websites about dieting would thrive　　[D] The fashion industry would decline　　22. The phrase “impinging on〞(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to　　[A] heightening the value of　　[B] indicating the state of　　[C] losing faith in　[D] doing harm to　　23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry　　[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark　　[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure　　[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse　　24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for　　[A] setting perfect physical conditions　　[B] caring too much about models’ character　[C] showing little concern for health factors　　[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models　　25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?　　[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals　　[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France　　[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty　　[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry　　Text 2　　For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside〞 alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.　　A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever〞. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air〞. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.　　At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,　　even authorizing “off–plan〞 building wh。