英汉翻译的不同.docx

English-Chinses Translation09英语1班陈宇200915310133Qinggong CollegeHebei United UniversityOctober , 2011The Comparison between English and ChineseI. Synthetic VS AnalyticA synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships.An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of functions words, auxiliary verbs, and charges in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms.English is a synthetic-analytic language.Chinese is a typical analytic language.1. In English nouns, pronouns, and verbs are inflected, Chinese is non-inflectional. The above grammatical meanings are mostly implied in contexts or between the lines.The English inflection, though few in numbers, are an integral and essential part of the language. The excessive frequency of these forms gives them great morphological weight. We cannot but accept Sayce’s dictum, “once inflectional, always inflectional". Hence, while English appears as almost uninflectional when compared with such a language as Latin, it appears in the opposite light when compared with an isolating language such as Chinese.2. Word order in English is not so rigid as in Chinese. More ways of inversion, grammatical or rhetorical are often seen in English.The flexible word order in English is mainly the result of the grammatical concord of words in the sentence which is achieved by inflection.When expressing temporal or logical sequences, English may make full use of inflections and function words to make its word order flexible, while Chinese, with the help of function words, arranges its word order according to certain rules of temporal or logical sequences.3. English functions words include the articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, coordinators and subordinators, while Chinese function words include particles, connectives, and prepositions. Each has its own features in the use of these words.Chinese is rich in particles, which can be classified into aspect particles, structural particles, and emotional particles. The frequent use of Chinese particles is a hard nut for foreign learners of Chinese.Eg.这回我可亲眼看见啦！ This time I’ve actually seen it for myself.English has a large number of prepositions and prepositional phrases which are often in use, which Chinese has a few prepositions which are mostly “borrowed" from their corresponding verbs. A conversion of English perversion of English prepositions into Chinese verbs is often necessary.Eg. Peter drew his knife on the robber.彼得拔刀向那个强盗砍去。

4. English frequently uses its various connectives, coordinating or subordinating, including conjunctive and relative pronouns or adverbs, such as who, whose, that, what, which, when, where, why, and how. Chinese has no such kind of conjunctives and relatives, and other connectives are not often used, except in formal writings.Eg. Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. 几 乎所有的物质都是热胀冷缩的English is an intonation language while Chinese is a tone language. One of the important features in modern Chinese is the predominance of disyllables and quadrisyllables over monosyllables and trisyllables. As a result, reduplication of characters, repetition of words, four-character expressions, and parallelism of syllables, words, phrases, and sentence structures have popular Chinese grammatical and rhetorical devices.II. Rigid VS SuppleEnglish subject-predicate structure appears rigid as a result of certain grammatical bonds, including the patternization and the principles of grammatical and notional concord.Chinese, however, is relatively free from the government of S-V concord and formal markers. The subject-predicate structure is usually varied, flexible, and therefore complicated and supple.Eg. The article has been translated.文章翻译完了。

More ambiguity can be found in Chinese due to the lack of connectives, inflections and other grammatical markers.1. 他欠你的钱（他+欠你钱/他欠你的+钱）2. 准备了两年的食物（准备了两年的+食物/准备了+两年的食物）III. Hypotactic VS ParatacticHypotaxis is the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship ofclauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come. Engli sentence building is featured by hypotaxis.Parataxis is the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relations between them, for example, The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away. Chinese sentence building is featured by parataxis.To clarify the relations between words, phrases or clauses, English more often resorts to overt cohesion, frequently using various cohesive ties such as relatives, connectives, prepositions, and some others.Eg. All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。

这一切终 于得到了澄清！By contrast, Chinese more frequently relies on covert coher。