被动语态小结及练习7300字.docx

    被动语态小结及练习7300字    被动语态小结及练习一、被动语态的用法：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者1. 一般现在时的被动语态：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.4. 过去完成时的被动语态: had been +及物动词的过去分词The dish had been eaten up when I got there.5. 一般将来时的被动语态：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.6. 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.7. 现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. → My bike is being repaired by Tom now.8. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态 What will happen in 100 years.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义This pen writes well. His novel sells well. 他的小说畅销3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 例：make somebody do something → somebody+ be +made to do something4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定He gave me a book.→ A book was given to me by him.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us.注意:一. 以下不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die ,disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, break out, come true, fall asleep, take place.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen.(错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised.二、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, marry, own, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to三、系动词无被动语态：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn1) It sounds good. 2) The steel feels cold 3) The method proved (to be) effective.四、带同源宾语的及物动词(dream, live, life)，反身代词(oneself)，相互代词(each other)，不能用于被动语态： She dreamed a bad dream last night. He lives ap五、当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her.六、“be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语； 当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词其区分办法如下：1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构例如: The glass is broken． 玻璃杯碎了系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy．玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了被动语态）2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态如：The magazine is published in Shanghai．这家杂志出版于上海被动语态）The door is locked． 门锁着系表结构）The door has already/just been locked．门已经/刚刚被锁上被动语态）The shop is opened．这家商店开门了。

系表结构）The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday．这家商店每天上午八点开门被动语态七、用某些不及物动词表示被动意义，如 carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等这类动词既能作及物动词，也能作不及物动词作不及物动词时，形式上虽为主动，却表示被动意义例如： Meat cuts easily.肉容易切The car drove easily.这车很容易开Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑八、某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义例如：This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示若用进行时，则表示主动含义比较：The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在闻油漆的气味。

九、在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别例如：The garden needs watering. The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水The problem requires studying with great care.The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究These jobs want doing at once. These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要马上就做 在某些性质形容词＋动词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, unfit, light , heavy, good, safe, dangerous) 例如：The question is easy to answer. 这问题容易回答。

That book is difficult to understand. 那本书难懂在这种句型结构中，动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的，相当于It’s easy to answer the question.和It’s difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置，所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系被动语态考点揭秘Ⅰ. 被动语态的构成和用法【考点】被动语态的基本构成形式是“be+及物动词(短语)的过去分词”，其中be有人称、数和时态的变化巧记：被动语态be词变，过去分词跟后面)其用法有以下几种：不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁；突出或强调动作的执行者；基于文章行文的需要巧记：谁做的动作不重要，说出谁做的没必要，动作承受者需强调，基于行文的需要，被动语态需用到）考例】1. More than two schools in the city next year. (20xx年，广东汕头)A. are built B. were built C. have built D. will be built2. The watch I lost yesterday_ in the desk. (20xx年，宁夏)A. has found B. found C. has been found D. is found【简析】1. D。

schools与build存在动宾关系，应用被动语态，再根据时间状语next year可知选D2. Cwatch与find是动宾关系，应用被动语态，语境表达的是“找到了”的结果，用现在完成时的被动语态，选C Ⅱ. 情态动词的被动语态【考点】含有情态动词的被动语态结构是“情态动词+be+及物动词(短语)的过去分词”巧记：情态动词变被动，“情态动词+be+过分”需运用)【考例】—Do you believe there are aliens?—I’m afraid not. I don’t think aliens in space. (20xx年，湖北黄冈)A. can find B. can be found C. can be founded D. can’t be found【简析】答案Baliens与find是动宾关系，用被动语态，选B同时应注意否定转移和found表示“建立”的含义Ⅲ. 短语动词的被动语态【考点】短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词考例】N。