高考英语--名词介词代词主谓一致.doc

精品文档名词、主谓一致、介词、代词名 词 【要点点拨】一. 可数名词的复数构成规则:1.规则变化:加-s, -es; 辅音字母加y结尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe变成ves;(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes A(2) 缩写,数字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s); in his 50s / 50’s; in the 1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s in the word “letter”. 2.不规则变化:(1) men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;(2) 单复数形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工厂); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示种类);(3)只有复数形式:trousers, glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目录); goods; customs(海关); arms(武器); (4)复合名词的复数形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law(5)表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:Chinese / Japanese) B: 把man变成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans)一、 不可数名词1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示数量的词（组）及单位名词（量词），用得较多的有piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle2.不可数名词具体化： These games are great successes; The party was a great success.二、 名词的所有格：1.表示有生命的名词后加’s, 如一样东西为几人共有，则在最后一个名词后加’s: Jack and Tom’s room(两人共有的房间); Jack’s and Tom’s rooms（两人各自的房间）；表示无生命的名词的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;(但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加’s: China’s industry; today’s paper; ten minutes’ walk)2.表示“某人家里”“某店铺”等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词：at my aunt’s (house); at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s (shop);3.双重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名词+of +…..’s / 名词性物主代词（表示“部分”的概念或表示某种感情色彩，如：赞赏、讨厌等）；比较：a friend of her mother’s她母亲的一个朋友（强调她母亲的朋友中的一位，为双重所有格）a friend of her mother她母亲的朋友（强调两人间的关系，为of所有格）a picture of his brother’s(他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张，照片上不一定是他本人)a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一张照片，照片上就是他本人）三、 名词作定语修饰名词：前一个名词表示后一个名词的特点、性质及用途；(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式，复数加在后面主体名词上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式：sales manager; sports meet; 由man / woman与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变复数：men/ women doctors; (2)比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义：a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 装灰尘的袋子/ a dusty bag布满灰尘的袋子 a chemical change化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一个化学老师a gold watch 一只金表(表材质)/ a golden watch一只金黄色的表五.英语中”很多”的表达:只修饰可数名词:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of只修饰不可数名词: a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of) 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of 【各个击破】1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _____of his advertisement.A. standard B. level C. message D. promise2.-----What do you think of his composition? ------Much better, but there’s still some ______for improvement.A. space B. room C. area D. place3. Sometimes doctors make higher ______ for their work than they should.A. bills B. charges C. costs D. prices4. The ______of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat there still.A. sight B. look C. view D. scene5.No ______ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworking for years.A. problem B. way C. wonder D. matter6. -----How is it that you lost your way? ------When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong ________.A. way B. direction C. distance D. path7. Little Tom asked me for small _________ for his _________piece, so I gave him ________.A. change; ten pennies; ten pence B. changes; ten pennies; ten penceC. change; ten pence; ten pennies D. changes; ten pence; ten pennies8. Will you please tell me _______you are talking about?A. which Zhang Yimou’s film B. which film of Zhang YimouC. which film of Zhang Yimou’s D. zhang Yimou’s which film9. The baby broke a _______which is made of _____just now.A. tea cup; glass B. cup of tea; glass C. tea’s cup; glasses D. tea cup; glasses10. Look, Mother has just bought three _______ and _______.A. fruit; lots of vegetables B. fruits; a number of vegetablesC. fruit; a great many of the vegetables D. fruits; a great amount of vegetables11. If you get the job you’ll have to make business ______every now and then.A. journeys B. trips C. travels D. voyages12. I listened to his lecture about biology , but I missed the key ______.A. messages B. sense C. notes D. points13. He is always full of ______as though he never knew tiredness.A. strength B. force C. power D. energy14.There has been a great _______ in the number of cars in our city in the past five years.A. increase B. improvement C. result D. effect15. I don’t think it’s my ______ that the TV doesn’t work. I just turned it off.A. mistake B. fault C. duty D. error16. ---- What’s the ______ of t。