美国文学——福克纳.ppt

William Faulkner Chapter 15Presenter: Anne 徐安妮 CONTENTSThe Southern Renaissance 1William Faulkner 2A Rose for Emily3The Southern Renaissance PART ONE4ItwasbetweentheHamiltoniannorthandtheJeffersoniansouthThetwohaveglaringgapincultureandwayofthinkingTheagriculturalsouthremainedsubordinatetoindustrialnorthMeasuresweretakentodevelopthesouthBackground(Page 229)ConflictChangeAlthoughthesouthremainedconservative,thereappearedavisiblesignofchangeinliteratureeffortstoreassessthepastandthepresentanddoself-searching.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury，therehaveemergedafewgenerationsofsouthernwriterswhohavealltriedtoroottheirworksinthesouthwithaviewtoachievinguniversalapplicability.Ellen Glasgow focusedmoreonthefutureratherthankeepingcastingabackwardglance(Virginia/Barren Ground ).GreatlyinfluencedWilliam Faulkner struggledtoaddtotheAmericanrenaissanceofthe1920sandhelpedusherinawholenewgroupofsouthernauthorsofthe1930s.Ill Take My Stand (1930)(坚决拥护 南方的至高地位，种植农业 生活方式优于北方工业)Inthepostwarperiod,anumberofyoungerwriterskeptupthesoutherntradition.TheSouthern Renaissance(alsoknownasSouthern Renascence)wasthereinvigorationofAmericanSouthernliteraturethatbeganinthe1920sand1930swiththeappearanceofwriterssuchasWilliam Faulkner,CarolineGordon,ElizabethMadoxRoberts,KatherineAnnePorter,AllenTate,TennesseeWilliams,RobertPennWarren,andZoraNealeHurston,amongothers. The Southern Renaissance 这些南方作家和知识分子不但在创作中继承和发扬了美国南方的一些文学传统,而且在艺术手法上进行不断探索和大胆创新,所以南方文艺复兴可以说是美国南方文学传统和现代主义潮流相结合的结果.William FaulknerPART TWOContentLifeWorksWriting FeaturesHe joined the Royal Flying Corps in Canada. (1918)William Faulkner(1897- 1962)His own family history found its way into his novels; the family members proved to be valuable prototypes for his fictional charactersThe town of Oxford became the model for his fictional Jefferson, the seat of his fictional Yoknapatawpha county.（约克纳帕塔法县）He was born into an old Southern family with a fairly long history in the town of Oxford.He made friends with Fhil Stone, who introduced him to the world of rising American writers and paid for the publication of a book of his poems , The Marble Faun (1924).He became acquainted with Sherwood Anderson in New Orleans, who helped him to write and publish his first novel, Soldiers Pay (1926).He returned to the US, attended the University of Mississippi for one year, and supported himself with a variety of odd jobs in New York and Oxford.LifeIn 1925 he went on a trip to Europe and saw Joyce.Works The Marble Faun (1924)Soldiers Pay (1926) and Mosquitoes (1927) were not very promising.Sartoris (1929) revealed his fuller development as a writer. For the first time, he entered his fictional county and began to create a world of his own.Sound and the Fury (1929) is the mature work of him.As I lay Dying (1930) lacked obvious critical acclaim.Sanctuary (1931) shocked people, and earned him a bad reputation.During the next ten years, he continued to work on his Yoknapatawpha county.Light in August (1932),Absalom, Absalom! (1936),Go Down, Moses (1942). Recognition came.In 1946，The Viking Portable Faulkner made him the center of critical attention.In 1949, he won the Novel Prize for literature and his place in literature was secure.(19 novels and many short stories)Works Faulkner was a daring formal experimentalist.Not only was he a dedicated student of human nature, but he was also a conscious artist the way Henry James was.Firstly, he felt that the province of a writers art included all human conduct, human verities, and that it was the primary duty of the writer to explore and represent the infinite possibilities inherent in human life.Secondly, authorial intrusion should be reduced to the lowest minimum.Writing Features To Faulkner, characterization was the essential medium to reveal the multifaceted nature of man.He allowed them to enjoy a maximum degree of autonomy and independence.There are quite a few devices by means of which the autonomy of the characters is ensured. One of the most important of these is authorial transcendence, the obvious effort on the part of the literary artist to resist the temptation to step between the characters and the reader and explain.Writing Features Faulkner carried on ceaseless technical experimentation all his literary career. His novel can be grouped into several different categories.(page 238, para.2)a.story-novel (revelatory moment in the narrative of a single incident or character)b.The novel of formal juxtaposition (the presentation of a state of mind or attitude through interior monologues)c.The counterpoint novels (the separateness of the stories receives deliberate stress)d.The “fused” novels (combining the virtue of the short story )Writing Features Faulkner is a difficult writer. He always structures his stories in his own original fashion and is proficient in employing a distinctive narrative method of gradually fitting in and of withholding or even giving confusing information.a.There are a lot of interior monologuesb.The modern stream of conscious。