系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Bones of trunk and limb (Lab).ppt

Bones of trunk and limb (Lab)1.Review bony composition of trunk and limbs2.Identify landmarks of these bones vertebraeBone of trunk rib sternumCervicalThoracicLumbarSacrumCoccyxBones of trunk vertebraeBodyvertebral foramen (canal) pedicle Arch laminae process (7)spinous process (1)transverse process (2)articular process (4)Cervical vertebrae 1 transverse foramen2 small body and triangular vertebrae foramen3 short and bifid spine4 atlas, axis and vertebra foramens1 costal facet2 heart-shaped body 3 down-sloping spine4 frontal articular facetThoracic vertebraeLumbar vertebrae1 kidney-shaped body2 Square and horizontal spine3 articular facet of sagittal plane Sacrum1 base ,apex and three surface2 articular surface3 promontory4 sacral canal, sacral hiatus and sacral cornu rib1 head, neck, shaft, angle, groove and tubercle2 true, false and floating ribs costal archsternum1 manubrium, body and xiphoidprocess2 sternal angle3 clavicular and costal notchThe important and useful term:vertebral foramen (canal)transverse foramencostal facetPromontorysacral canal, sacral hiatus and sacral cornu costal groove and costal archsternal angleBones of upper limbI. Shoulder girdle–Clavicle–ScapulaII. Bones of upper limb. Scapula1.Two surfaces ：：•anterior surface: subscapular fossa •dorsal surface: spine of scapula–acromion –supraspinous fossa –infraspinous fossa 2. Three borders: superior, lateral, medial superior border → coracoid process3. Three angles (the superior, inferior and lateral ) lateral angle →　　glenoid cavity inferior angle →the 7th ribBones of upper limb1.Arm•Humerus2.Forearm•Radius - the lateral bone •Ulna - the medial bone 3.Hand•Carpal bones - 8•Metacarpal bones – 5•Phalanges -14 1.The humerusThe upper (proximal) end: –Head of humerus –Greater tubercle(lateral)–Lesser tubercle (medial)–Surgical neck Body: –Deltoid tuberosity –Sulcus for radial nerveThe lower end: –Capitulum(lateral ) –Trochlea(medial)–Coronoid fossa(ant)–Olecranon fossa(post)–Lateral and medial epicondyles –Sulcus for ulnar nerve 2. The radiusThe proximal end: –Head–Neck–Radial tuberosity– Radial notch for ulnaThe shaft: –Interosseous borderThe distal end: –Styloid processThe proximal end:–Olecranon–Coronoid process–Trochlear notch–Ulnar tuberosityThe shaft: –Interosseous borderThe distal end: –Head–Styloid process 3. The ulna4. Bones of the hand (1) Carpal bones( bones of the wrist , 8)•The proximal row:(L →M)–scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform bones •The distal row :–trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate (2) Metacarpal bones (5)(3) Phalanges (14)•metacarpal bones(5)•Phalanges(14 Bones of the Lower LimbI.Pelvic girdle (2)II.Bones of lower limb1.Thigh–Femur(1)2.Knee–Patella(1)3.Leg –Tibia (medial)(1)–Fibula (lateral)(1)4.FootI.Tarsals (7)II.Metatarsals (5)III.Phalanges (14)Components:1.Ilium-the large upper portion 2.Ischium-the posterior/inferior bone 3.Pubis-the anterior/inferior bone4.Acetabulum: point of fusion of all three I. Pelvis girdle- Hip Bone•iliac crest; •iliac tubercle•anterior superior iliac spine •anterior inferior iliac spine •posterior superior iliac spine•posterior inferior iliac spine•acetabulum; •iliac fossa •arcuate line1.Ilium•body •ramus•pecten pubis; •pubic tubercle•pubic crest •pubic symphysis2. Pubis•body •ramus•ischial tubercle (tuberosity) •ischial spine•great sciatic notch; •lesser sciatic notch3. ischiumObturator foramen - formed by ischium and pubisAcetabulum- formed by ilium, ischium and pubis1.FemurII. Bones of lower limb•Head-fovea capitis•Neck- often a site for fracture•Greater and lesser trochanter: attachment site for muscles•Intertrochanteric line (anterior)•Intertrochanteric crest (posterior)Upper end:shaft:•gluteal tuberosity•linea aspera•lateral condyle •medial condyle•lateral epicondyle •medial epicondyle•patellar surface•popliteal surface•adductor tubercle•intercondylar fossalower end: 2. Patella–Triangular sesamoid bone–Tibial tuberosity–Anterior crest–Medial malleolus3. Tibia4. Fibula•Fibular notch 5. Bones of the Foot•Tarsal bones (7) •Metatarsal bones (5)•Phalanges bones (14). 。